462 
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
and a large moon-shaped mark on the upper wings : it measured 
six inches across. 
The east side of the lake is the main approach to the town, 
and the residents live at all levels on the mountain side, wherever 
a level or a suitable site can be made to build a house on. 
Most of the trees have been cut, a few old evergreen oaks only 
remaining, and some recently planted poplars and weeping 
willows by the lake side. All the available ground has been taken 
up for building purposes. 
In fig. 106 you will see in the far distance the big moun¬ 
tain “ Cheena.” This is about 8,600 feet high, and is almost 
the only place where Cupressus torulosa is found wild, and it 
may be seen covering the slope in the distance. It is very like 
some of the Japanese Retinosporas in habit, a very handsome 
tree, and often grows 150 feet high, and many I have measured 
four feet from the ground are 15 feet in circumference. These 
trees on this mountain are, I believe, preserved now by the Muni¬ 
cipality of Naini Tal. 
Fig. 107 is Cupressus torulosa in the graveyard at the 
foot of Cheena. These are wild trees, not planted, and once 
formed part of the forest. 
On the northern slopes of Cheena large plots of Deodar have 
been planted. I also noticed some Picea Smithiana, all doing 
very well, but I think not planted thickly enough. I imagine 
where such a dense growth of undershrubs and grass grow up, 
as it does here on Cheena, where the original forest is cut, the 
thick planting is the proper thing to do, because after a few 
years the trees will be so close together there will be no chance 
for coarse jungle to grow, and, as I remember in the Yeso 
forests, the strong trees always outgrow the weak, and save the 
trouble of thinning and cleaning. I wonder Cryptomeria and 
some of the other strong growing Coniferse are not planted in 
the valleys. Cryptomeria, Wellingtonia, Thuyas, and Retino¬ 
sporas being only ravine and valley trees, they are seldom seen on 
high mountain slopes in their own country, and generally grow 
in debris and loose soil, whereas the Abies and Pinus are often 
found wild in the strongest loams and on exposed mountain 
spurs. 
Most of the original Oak forest has been cut for firewood for 
use in Naini Tal. I think this a great shame. The bark of 
