IN CEYLON. 
81 
demonstrated. The conditions are the same for each of these 
species, and a description of one will therefore be sufficient. 
Selecting D. sylvatica, we find that in this species we have 
three kinds of trees, viz., ( a ) female trees, (&) male trees, 
and (c) polygamous trees. 
The female trees have their flowers arranged either 
solitary or in simple cymes, each component having four or 
eight staminodes and a six- to eight-celled ovary. The calyx 
is usually accrescent and larger than that of the male. 
The male trees have dense cymes, each often with fifteen 
flowers. Each male flower possesses an indefinite number 
of stamens and thin calyx segments. 
The polygamous trees have the flowers arranged as in a 
male cyme, and among them three types of flowers can be 
distinguished. In the first section we have hermaphrodite 
flowers, each of which is characterized by large accessory 
whorls, twenty-two stamens, and a fertile pistil. The fruits 
from these flowers possess seeds which in the characters 
of the testa and embryo exactly agree with those from known 
female trees. In the second class we have flowers with large 
accessory whorls, twenty-two stamens, and an abortive 
pistil showing an ovary one- to six-celled. These never 
yield good fruits. In the third class we have flowers with 
small accessory whorls, twenty-two stamens, and an abortive 
pistil. 
It is therefore clear that in the polygamous trees we can 
obtain every stage from purely staminate to hermaphrodite 
flowers. 
It must not be supposed that the polygamous condition 
may occur on any tree. There are male trees which never 
produce anything but staminate flowers and female trees 
which never possess stamens, and these must be clearly 
distinguished from those trees showing the polygamous 
condition. 
The difference between the indefinite staminal whorl of 
the male and polygamous flowers and that of the true female 
8(1)4 (11) 
