IN CEYLON. 
85 
D. Ebenum is due to the interpolation of a female flower in a 
male cyme. The female flower when thus occurring 
presents no differences from the female flower of dioecious 
trees, except in that it is pedicellate. In no case have 
I met with the monoecious form due to the replacement of 
a female flower by a male. 
The occurrence of true male and female flowers in the same 
inflorescence is of importance, since the characters of the 
accessory and essential whorls in the male and female are 
often so widely different. It has been suggested by many 
observers that since the flowers, the habit, and foliage of what 
are regarded as the male and female trees of the same species 
often show great differences, we might be erroneously 
considering male and female trees of what are really separate 
species as being of the same species. Subsequent observa¬ 
tions demonstrated the frequent occurrence of polygamy, and 
for a time these gave support to the above contention. Now, 
however, we have seen that the true male and true female 
flowers possessing different types of accessory and essential 
whorls can occur in the same inflorescence, and we can 
therefore adhere to the former ideas as to the true dioecious 
form of some species. 
Cliaraeforg of Hccessory and Essential Whorls* 
Calyx .—The calyx is always inferior and gamosepalous ; 
sometimes glabrous or nearly so, as in D. sylvatica, at other 
times densely pubescent, as in D. Embryopteris and D. 
pruriens. 
In the male flowers the calyx segments .are relatively 
small and accrescent, whereas in the female and hermaphro¬ 
dite flowers they attain considerable dimensions and the 
segments project outwards. 
In the Ceylon species the calyx segments are usually very 
distinct, varying in number from two to seven ; the common 
number of segments is four or five. In some species, how¬ 
ever, the calyx segments cannot be distinguished, as in D. 
