, • 
l : w.. K 
Judd Jewed Kudo* to local Htww. Whta next he visited k 
in December, 1857, the natives had negjtecead the pfeee. ’Desobtioa 
ram doe," he wrote sadly. "Net modi left of its former glory.’’® 
During the turn, five years Dr. Judd engaged actively in die guano 
trade. Guano consists of the droppings and dead bodies of sea 
birds #*hkh accumulate on islands and coastlines where there is 
Ucde ^nfalL Ekfe in phosphoric add and nitrogen compounds, 
k is extremely valuable as a fertilizer. In the 1840s Pent began to 
export guano in quantity and in die next decade took steps to 
exdude foreigners from her guano grounds. At fhat time, die market 
price for high quality guano stood at $45.00 a ton.® Alfred G. 
Benson of Brooklyn, formerly interested in shipping concessions 
in Honolulu, had exported guano from Peru’s Lobos (or seal) 
Islands.* 1 When die United States State Department upheld Peru’s 
monopoly, he sought ocher sources of the valuable commodity. 
On September 1, 1855, the American Guano Company, of which 
he was half owner, was orgsaized in New York. A year later this 
company filed bonded chums, under die terms of die Act of Con¬ 
gress of August 18, 1856, to two uninhabited guano islands: Baker 
(0-13N, 176-31W), about 1,900 miles southwest of Honolulu, and 
/yffl j( Juris (0-22S, 1604)3W), about 1,300 miles due south of Hono- 
I A^tu lulu.® hi view of their formes association, it is not surprising that 
** * Dr. Judd soon became involved in Benson's new enterprise as 
Honolulu agent of die American Guano Company. 
y, 1856, Dr. Judd’s son Charles and Benson's son 
Arthur left Honolulu in the schooner UMi&r. They readied Jarvis 
on January 15, 1857. The next day they Iteded and took formal 
possession of die island on behalf of Alfred G. lemon and his 
associates. Sailing westward about 1,100 miks they reached How- 
land (0-48N, 176-38W) on February 5 and nearby Baker on February 
10. After taking formal possession of these two islands they returned 
to Honolulu on March 7 with considerable guano 'aboard.® 
Despite a long continuing and much publicized dispute over the 
quality of guano from Baker, Howland, and Jarvis, Dr. Judd threw 
himself into die venture with characteristic endnistasm. He was 
particularly excited to learn that the samples of the guano which 
hk son Charles had taken on Howland, at one date to be 
worthless, had an extremely high phosphorus c o nte n t .® CM Febra- 
[•;. 7, . 
.«• 
• .y I*- * 
- ^ ’ -V ' ’ 
Utitf ^iDtrtistnmrts. 
m 
GUANO! 
^ Ships of Good Capacity 
SSBi CAN OBTAIN S& 
Return Cargoes, or Advantageous 
BARTSIRS, 
TO LOAD WITH 
GIJAiYO AT J ARTIS ISLA1V0 
AND PROCEED DIRECT 
TO NEW YORK OR ANY OTHER PORT 
iu the United States,' that may he agreed ©a, Moodtip 
to be provided, and the Guano brought within reach of ship#* 
tackles by the Agent on the Island. 
For further particulars, freight or charter, apply to tki un#*?- 
signed, at his Office, corner of tort and Merchant streets, fitca®. 
6. P. JUDD, 
Agent of the AMERICAN GUANO COMPANY. 
Honolulu, March 1, 111®, tB-tf 
i&4f 
SCHOONER FOR IAiE 
the well known 
Schooner Mekmm%m©M f 
s i>r a Tender to a WhalesMp, or ier casting- bstpss* 
Ishais. fatpfas of J. W. A CHK, 
' fhm #ss Ptwt m&h 
•mm 
NOTICE. 
undersigned intends soon to 
9 i»m lOngfem,mud vrnmmm aH wmmm havtasd*. 
