June 21 
0 Ot /?(=- 
HOWLAND - CLIMATE 
i-Jily a limited number of weather observations have been made on 
Howland, however the few existing records do indicate a fairly uniform 
climate with little seasonal change except variation in amount of rain¬ 
fall. Records of observations cade during the 1935 to 1942 colonization 
and the 1943 to 1945 military occupation show Howland as having a mean 
annual temperature of 83° F with monthly means not more than 1° above 
01 below. Slight seasonal variations in temperature do occur with the 
warmest temperatures in September (extreme mean maxima of 89° recorded 
then) and the coolest in l&rch (when the extreme mean maxima of 86° was 
recorded j mean minima are always near 79° F). Extremes recorded are 101° 
and /l p. (Pacific Missile Range publication,1959) 
Humidity readings are low generally but show a slight rise at night 
(from 55 to 86, Ramsay, 1925 ) 
The sea water temperature ranged between 86 and 87 degrees F during 
a four day period in October, 1963. (AEC,1963) 
Howland is located in the south equatorial current zone where the 
currents are from east to west. Cloud cover is most frequently strato- 
cumulus with maximum clouds occuring from November to May. (AEG,1963) 
Information on precipitation is scant and inconclusive but available 
recoras do show the annual rainfall to be extremely variable (Knoch,l$27) 
Sometimes more than a year may elapse with little or no KKSTSganEai ra in at 
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all as in 1859-1860 (Hague,1862). At other times more than the annual 
