HOWLAND CLIMATE 
(DRAFT) 
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yAa^heTVOTcervatHmncHh^r^ a fairly 
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uniform climatelwith little seasonal changey The average annual tempera- 
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ture a nd-e o aa^oa 1 rang e ha .s ~a- n e gj li g ± h Leless than five 
^■ntsviA „ YA -_ . Tve V?ecx^owds lcx.v\c^e WY vj.v-^ •*cfX^o 
degrees. The sea 'water temperature as recorded by the USS Point Barrow 
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in October, 1965, showeekan average of 86 to 87 degrees F. which may 
be a factor in temperature stabilization. During that period the normal 
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daily air temperature readings wbre in the 80 f s with a high of 90 
and. a low of 8l° F* Recorded daily temperature variations on Howland 
have not exceeded 
Ramsey in September, 
the 17 degree variation 
observed by 
Slight seasonal variation are evident 
however with the hottest temperature occuring ip September and the 
y \ 
coldest during March. Recorded temperature extremes are 71° and 101 
F. (aec,1963) 
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Howland is located in the south equatorial current ,zone where the 
currents are from/east to west. Cloud cover is normally strato-cumulus 
with maximum cloud cover occuring from November to May. 
Information on'precipitation is scant and inconclusive. More data 
on this would be of particular value to the biologist for on Howland and 
other similar atolls just south of the equator one of the most important 
factors influencing the flora and fauna of the island is the extreme 
1/ The Uss Point Barrow and Ramsey were both in the Howland area during 
the month of October; the former in 1965 and the latter in 192^ 
