PACHYGNATHA. 
321 
tint; the two superior tarsal claws are curved and pectinated, and the inferior one is inflected 
near its base. The palpi resemble the legs in colour, and have a curved, pectinated claw at 
their extremity. 
The male is smaller and darker coloured than the female. The fangs of its falces have 
a slight indentation near the middle, externally, and a corresponding projection within the 
curve. The radial joint of the palpi is longer than the cubital, and clavate ; the digital joint 
consists of two parts; the shorter and slenderer part is connected with the palpal organs 
on the upper side, and the longer is in contact with the same organs on the inner side and 
extends a little beyond them; the palpal organs are glossy and globular at the base, with a 
pointed process anteriorly, which has the appearance of being twisted, and are of a very dark, 
reddish-brown colour, approaching to black. 
Th ^Linyphia manducula of M. Walckenaer (‘Hist. Nat. des Insect. Apt. 5 , t. iv, p. 482) is 
the same as Manduculus limatus, and, consequently, lapses into a synonym of Pachygnatha 
Listen. This species occurs under stones and on bushes in woods about Oakland, and the 
male has the palpal organs completely developed in September. It has also been captured in 
Lancashire, Yorkshire, and Northamptonshire. 
In the ‘ Transactions of the Linnean Society,’ vol. xviii, p. 668 , it is proposed to insti¬ 
tute a comparison between Manduculus limatus and the Linyphia tenebricola of M. Wider 
(Museum Senckenbergianum, B. 1, p. 267, taf. 18, fig. 2); as they differ, however, very 
decidedly in structure and colour, no doubt they are perfectly distinct. 
Pachygnatha Degeerii. PI. XXII, fig. 235. 
Pachygnatha Degeerii, Sund., Yet. Acad. Handl., 1829, p. 211, and 1832, p. 259. 
— — Koch, Uebers. des Arachn. Syst., erstes Heft, p. 10. 
— — Koch, Die Arachn., Band xii, p. 143, tab. 430, fig. 1065. 
— — Blackw., Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist., second series, vol. ix, 
p. 468. 
Linyphia Degeerii, Walck., Hist. Nat. des Insect. Apt., tom. ii, p. 269. 
Theridion vernale, Hahn, Die Arachn., Band ii, p. 38, tab. 53, fig. 123. 
Manduculus vernalis, Blackw., Linn. Trans., vol. xix, p. 125. 
Length of the female, jth of an inch; length of the cephalo-thorax, T ' s th, breadth, ^th; 
breadth of the abdomen, ^th ; length of an anterior leg, 5 |ths; length of a leg of the third 
pair, ,th. 
The cephalo-thorax is large, convex, glossy, and marked with minute punctures; it is 
compressed before, rounded on the sides and in front, and has an indentation in the medial 
line; the falces are convex in front, and armed with teeth on the inner surface; the sternum 
is heart-shaped, and marked with minute punctures. These parts, with the maxilla; and lip, 
are of a dark-brown colour, approaching to black, the lip and sternum being the darkest. 
The legs are sparingly supplied with hairs, and have a pale, yellowish-brown tint; the two 
