780 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
is lowest; here were found the American aspen (Populus 
tremuloides Michx.) and the speckled alder (Alnus incans (L.) 
Wi'lld.) extending into the bordering zones; and a few Ameri¬ 
can linden (Tilia americana L.). Then came several groups 
of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) with a few bur oaks (Quercus 
macrocarpa Michx.), elms (Ulmus americana L. and U. fulva 
Michx.), a few birches (Betula paprifera Marsh, and B. luted 
Michx.), the choke, black, and pin cherries (Primus virginiana 
L., P. serotina Ehrb., P. pennsylvanica L.) and a few shrubs 
of ash (Fraxinus sp.). On the gently rising eastern side the 
dominant trees were black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.), the 
largest one about two feet in diameter a few inches from the 
ground. A few large toothed aspens (Populus grandidentata 
Michx.) occurred, and one small stunted white pine (Pinus 
strobus L.). 
Of the underbrush, the hazels (Corylus americana Walt, and 
C. rostrata Ait.) were perhaps most characteristic; on the lower 
ground was hackberry (Celtic, crassifolia Lam.). The cornels 
were well represented by two species, Cornus caudidissima 
Marsh, and C. alternifolia L., the latter growing to the height 
of small trees. The hawthorns showed three species (Crataegus 
punctata Jacq., C. hiemalis Lang., and C. coccinea L; and there 
was June-berry (Armlancher rotundifolia (Michx.) Roem.) 
and one kind of willow (Salix sp.), all abundant. These 
shrubs, however, had suffered much from the rabbits, as already 
noted. Upon the extreme east flourished a few stag-horn sumac 
(Rhus hirta (L.) Sudw.). To the south-fwest grew many 
plants of the low blue-berry (Vaccinium pennsylvanicum Lam.) 
but no fruit was ever found. 
With the larger shrubs grew several woody climbers, Virginia 
creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.) and frost 
grape (Vitis cordifolia Michx.), reaching their greatest size to¬ 
ward the east. Bitter-sweet (Celastrus scandens L.) was rather 
common, but the plants were small and there was no evidence 
of flower or fruit. The bush honeysuckle (Diervilla diervilla 
(X.) Mac M.) was rather abundant and flowered freely, on the 
eastern side. There was hispid greenbier (Smilax hispida 
Muhl.) but it was not in fruit. On the eastern point there 
