788 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
cynosuroides (L.) Willd.), knotweed (Polygonum lapathifolium 
L.), American wild mint (Mentha canadensis L.) established 
themselves here as well as on the strand; others, as the tall 
meadow-rue (Thalictrum polygamum Muhl.), hedge buckwheat 
{Polygonum dumetorum L.) and aster {Aster exiguus (Fern- 
aid.) Rydb.) were found on the center as well as the back 
strand. A smaller number, six in all, had succeeded in main¬ 
taining themselves in all three formations; these were the aspen 
{Populus tremkdoides Michx.), the speckled alder {Alnus inr 
cana (L.) Willd.), the marsh skull-cap {Scutellaria galericulata 
L.), the cut-leaved water lioarhound {Lycopus americanus 
Muhl.), the common bugle-weed {L. communis BicJcnell) and 
the ground-nut {Apios apios (L.) MacM.). Woody plants 
were more abundant than on the strand. A few small red 
raspberries {Rubus strigosus Michx.) were found here but there 
was no sign of fruiting. There were a few clover plants 
(Trifolium repens L. and T. pretense L.), but they were not 
in bloom; these like T. hybridum L. found on the southeast 
open space of the center formation, may have come recently 
from the south shore of the mainland and not yet fully estab¬ 
lished themselves. We may perhaps account in the same way 
for the presence of a few very small thistles {Carduus lance- 
olatus L. (?) ) and for the fire-weed {Erechtites hieracifolia 
(L.) Raf.) of which there was a small but thrifty patch on the 
south back strand. In this connection may be noted the pres¬ 
ence of a few tiny dandelion plants {Taraxacum taraxacum 
(L.) Karst.) on the south strand. The three last named com¬ 
posites having a well developed pappus, may have succeeded 
recently in crossing the narrow channel between the mainland 
and the island and gained a foothold on the south side. Bidens 
had a rank growth on the southwest back strand, where B . 
cerrma L. of the strand gave way to B. comosa (A. Gray) 
Wiegand and B. froudosa L. 
This back strand zone, usually from one to two meters in 
width, broadened out abruptly at the middle of the south shore 
to form a semicircular area fifteen meters deep, distinctly 
marked off from the higher ground surrounding it. It sup¬ 
ported rank growths of Muhlenbergia tenuiflora Willd.) B. S* 
