892 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
that the effect of these dramatic passages,—whether from the 
psalm or from the Descensus, or from both,—is seen in early 
versions of the Liber Responsalis , where we find as the first 
respond of Matins for the first Sunday of Advent the following 
beautiful composition: 
Res ponsorium: Aspiciens a longe ecce uideo Def potentiam uenientem 
et nebulam totam terram tegentem. Ite obviam ei et dicite: Nuntia 
nobis si tu es ipse, Qui regnaturus es in populo Israhel. 
Versus: Quiqwe terrigene et filii hominum simul in unum, dives et 
pauper. Ite. 
Versus: Qui regis Israhel, intende, qui deducis uelut ouem Ioseph, 
qui sedes super Cherubim. Nuntia. 
Versus: Tollite portas, principes, uestras et eleuamini porte aeter- 
nales, et introibit. Qui regna <turns>. 1 
Similarly, in the Graduate (Liber Antiphonarius) we find 
the following as the Gradual of the Mass for Thursday in the 
third week of Advent: 
Resp. Tollite portas principes vestras, et elevamini, portae aeter- 
nales, et introibit Rex gloriae. 
Vers. Quis ascendet in montem Domini, aut quis stabit in loco 
sancto ejus? Innocens manibus, et mundo corde. 2 
In the Processionale used in many churches north of the 
Alps we again meet the familiar dramatic challenge under the 
rubric of Palm Sunday. The rendering of this dialogue at the 
church door after the processional hymn, Gloria, laus, et honor 
has been sung is attested by the following evidence: 
Hujus hymni <^i. e. Gloria laus^>, qui long© prolixior est in veteri 
missali Albiensi et in Pictaviensi Pontificali ab annis circiter 800 
exarato, quinque aut sex dumtaxat strophas dicimus, quibus finitis, olim 
1 Antiphonarium HartJceri, saec. xi, St. Gall MS. 390-391, pp. 15-16, 
published in photograph in Paleographie Musicale, Deuxieme Serie, 
Tome I. Since Paleographic Musicale is not at present accessible to 
me, my friend, H. W. L. Dana has very kindly copied for me the text 
given above. P. Batiffol (History of the Roman Breviary, London, 
1898, pp. 115-117) comments upon the dramatic splendor of this re¬ 
spond. 
2 Migne, Pat. lat., Lxxviii, 643. On the Tollite portas formula in the 
offertory of the Mass for the day preceding Christmas see P. Wag¬ 
ner, Origine et Developpement du Chant Liturgique, Tournai, 1904, 
p. 113. 
