Lutman—Life History and Cytology of the Smuts . 1195, 
that the mycelium has multinucleated cells up until the time 
that spores are to be formed. The statement is made as a gen¬ 
eral one and so may be assumed to refer to all the genera 
studied. 
Dangeard has certainly brought together a mass of evidence 
for the regular appearance of two nuclei in the young spore 
which by their fusion produce the single nucleus of the mature 
spore. One of these nuclei is regarded by Dangeard as male, 
the other as female and the whole structure is interpreted as an 
oogone. The fusion results in an uninucleated oospore; this 
spore being the equivalent of the uninucleated stage in the ascus, 
to the same stage in the basidium, or to the teleutospore of the 
rusts, according to Dangeard’s views on the morphology of those 
structures. 
In a later paper Dangeard (13) goes into further details on 
the spore-formation in Entyloma Glaucii but nothing new of 
essential importance was brought out. 
Kaciborski (34) made a detailed study of Entyloma nymph- 
aeae especially as to spore-formation and the peculiar haustoria 
that this species has developed. He describes the young spores 
as binucleated but states that later by the fusion of the two nu¬ 
clei they become uninucleated. 
Harper (22) has described nuclear phenomena in the germi¬ 
nation of the spores and the formation of the promycelium and 
conidia in Hstilago scabiosae and IT. antherarum. He finds the 
divisions of the spore nucleus to be of the typical mitotic form 
but was unable to distinguish whether they were reduction di¬ 
visions or not. The nuclei of the promvcelial cells undergo a 
similar mitotic division in the formation of the nuclei for the 
conidia; each conidium receiving one nucleus from the uninucle¬ 
ated promycelial cell. A similar process occurs too in the bud¬ 
ding of the conidia. As has long been known the conidia of IT. 
antherarum fuse in pairs when kept in cultures from which the 
nutrient substances have been largely used up. He found that 
no fusion of the nuclei was to be observed in these cases, the 
fused pairs were always much larger than those that had not 
fused; and usually stood the unfavorable conditions better. He 
