1214 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
cells in this region those that can he followed are certainly hi- 
nucleated. 
The spores begin as short-side branches (Figs. 22-23) con¬ 
taining two nuclei in a very dense cytoplasm. The two nuclei 
may lie in the long axis of the cell or transversely. The branch 
increases in length and size, cuts up into new cells so that a 
chain of binucleated cells is produced (Figs. 24-26). In the 
meantime it becomes wound around on itself and contorted so as 
to make it impossible to follow its turns. Sometimes it seems 
to branch and the branches to grow in so as to become a part of 
the knot that is forming the spore-ball. 
The cells of the ball grow very much in size and their two nu¬ 
clei can now be easily seen lying side by side in each spore 
(Fig. 27). In well stained preparations the nucleoles can be 
followed through all the stages in the progress of the fusion of 
the two nuclei up to that of the mature spore with its single 
large nucleus and nucleole. All the cells are binucleated at this 
time; both those that are to form the sterile cells and the young 
spores. The difference between the two lies in the cytoplasm; 
those that will become sterile contain little stainable material 
while the spores are quite dense, but both are binucleated. On 
account of the small size of the nuclei and cells it is impossible 
division. It seems probable that the nuclei of this chain of 
spores are formed in this fashion as the nuclei frequently lie in 
a position to suggest the occurence of such divisions and the cells 
are broad enough for the two spindles to lie side by side. 
In this smut also, haustoria are present. The hyphae are 
found almost entirely in the intercellular spaces and apparently 
depend on the haustoria to get their food from the host cells. 
The haustoria originate as short side branches which penetrate 
the cells. Sometimes they are quite large, extending far down 
into the cell (Fig. 29), while at other times they are merely 
little branched hyphae (Fig. 28) that only penetrate the cell 
wall. Their characteristic feature is that whether large or 
small they branch extensively as soon as they are inside the cell 
wall; if the haustorium is a large one these branches may run all 
through the host cell. In the smaller types the branches are 
short and stubby. In the cases I have observed, there seem to 
