Lutman—Life History and Cytology of the Smuts. 1215 
be two nuclei present in the larger haustoria; the two lying in 
the neck of the haustorium just at the point where it begins to 
branch. 
Entyloma Nympheae (Cunn.) Setch. 
This smut is very common on our species of white water lily 
(Hymphaea reniformis) in the lakes around Madison, forming 
whitish patches on the under sides of the -leaves. As the smut 
occurs in the intercellular air spaces, it was impossible to fix it 
in any of the osmic or chromic fixing fluids as they would not 
penetrate to the mycelium. Carnoy’s fluid was found, how¬ 
ever, to give most excellent results on the fungus although it 
caused some shrinkage in the host cells. The sections were 
stained in the triple stain or in the iron haematoxylin. 
Raciborski (34) has described the spore formation and also 
the remarkable haustoria of this species in their histological 
features. His paper was not available to me in the original but 
he was kind enough to copy and send me his figures and a sum¬ 
mary of his work. 
The spores and mycelium lie in the intercellular spaces of the 
lily leaf (Fig. 56) and the spores are formed especially in the 
large air-spaces just above the lower epidermis and in the air 
chambers below the stomata, although they may be formed in 
any free space between cells in the leaf. The spores of this 
species are always borne as the ends of short side branches. 
A short lateral branch, very dense with cytoplasm, is put out 
from one of the larger hyphae (Fig. 55). Inside of this are 
two nuclei usually arranged parallel to the long axis of the cell 
as it is narrow at this time. This branch grows both in length 
and thickness and the two nuclei come to lie side by side in it 
(Figs. 57-62). The stalk of the spore becomes vacuolate and 
finally a large vacuole seems to cut the spore off from the hypha 
bearing it and a wall is put in behind it. The wall of the spore 
thickens and the cytoplasm becomes filled with vacuoles. In 
the mature spore the wall has become very thick and is covered 
with minute spines (Fig. 61) ; the end is apiculate by the thick¬ 
ening of the end wall; and a large vacuole often fills a large part 
