DEVELOPMENT OF THE SKULL IN THE BATRACHIA. 
7 
Salientia ” and various papers in the £ Zoological Proceedings ’ give me the views of the 
former, and the article on the “ Classification of the Batrachia” (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, 
pp. 280-295) those of the latter, author. I shall use as few of the zoological characters 
as possible, and refer my reader to the works just mentioned for further information. 
I.—ANURA PHANEROGLOSSA.* 
(Including “ Opistiioglossa ” and “ Proteroglossa.”) 
II.—ANURA AGLOSSA. 
I.—PHANEPtOGLOSSA. 
A. With teeth in the maxillaries, premaxillaries, and generally in the vomers. 
a. With sharp fingers and toes. 
b. With dilated digital disks. 
B. With no teeth in either upper jaws or vomers. 
a. With sharp fingers and toes. 
b. With dilated digital disks. 
I. A. a. 1.— Frogs with sharp toes, teeth m jaivs and vomers, toes more or less webbed, 
a bony shaft to manubrium (“ omosternum ’’); cylindrical processes to sacral 
vertebra, and ivithout parotoid glands. 
First Family. “Banid^e.” 
Genera— Rana, Tomopterna, Pyxicephalus.' 
First genus. Rana. 
1. R. clamata, Baud. —Larvae, three stages (A, B, C). Cambridge, Mass., U.S. 
2. R. pipiens, Haul.- —Three stages of larvae (A, B, C) and Adult. N. America. 
3. R. - ? sp.—Larva. India. 
4. R. palustris, Leconte. —Newly metamorphosed young. Cambridge, Mass., TJ.S. 
5. R. halecina, Kalm. —Immature male. N. America. 
6. R. temporaria, Linn. —Great Britain. Various stages described (see Phil. 
Trans., 1871, Plates 3-10, pp. 137-211.) 
7. R. esculenta, Linn.— Adult. Europe (see Huxley, Art. “ Amphibia,” 
Encyc. Brit., 9th edit., vol. iii., pp. 750-771.) 
* A few types enjoy some freedom of the tongue in front, namely, Rlnnoplirynus and Xenorlvina ; I have 
also found this character developed, in some degree, in Rliinoderma Darwinii, but Dr. Gunther tells me 
that he does not think it a modification of any great importance ; yet the rule is for the tongue to be only 
free behind. Another character, namely, the possession of mandibular teeth, as in Hemiphractus and 
Grypiscus (MivarL pp. 294, 295) is more important, but unfortunately I have not at present been able 
to procure either of these kinds. 
