66 MR, W. K. PARKER OK THE STRUCTURE AND 
7. There is a short prenasal rostrum. 
8. The pro-rliinals are unusually long and folded over. 
9. There is no inter-stapedial, and the supra-stapedial is continent above. 
10. The suspensorium of the jaw is of great depth. 
11. There is a small extra-hyal on each side. 
12. Most of the investing bones retain their early condition as thin ragged laminae. 
On the wdiole this instructive skull shows that Tomopterna is a Frog close akin to 
the species of Rana, but leaning towards the Cystignathidae; but it does not lie 
directly between the two families, for it has been modified, as a Frog, much as those 
neckless types Cacopus, Diplopelma, and Callula have been modified, as Toads. 
Here we have a problem relating to the influence of territory; that which gave the 
apoplectic look to the toothless kinds, doubtless thrust together the head and shoulders 
of this tootli-bearing type. 
16. Pyxicephalus rufescens. —Adult male ; 1 inch 5 lines long. India. 
This a much slenderer, smaller, and more warty kind of Frog than the last. Its 
toes are much more perfectly webbed in my specimen than in several specimens of 
Tomopterna breviceps in my collection. Dr. Gunther says that the interdigital 
membrane is equal in both kinds (ibid., p. 412). 
The outline of the head is so elongated and pointed as to be almost triangular— 
a great contrast to the last. 
Dr. Gunther says that the eyes are much smaller than in the last kind (p. 412); 
this is a correlate of the narrowing of the skull forwards. 
The length is to the greatest breadth as 8 to 8| ; for although narrow in front, this 
skull is very wide behind. 
The occipital condyles (Plate 14, figs. 1 and 2, oc.c .) are large, reniform, inferior, and 
wide apart; an evenly emarginate tract of cartilage, two-thirds their own width, 
separates them. This basioccipital cartilage is twice as broad as the superoccipital 
synchondrosis, and the bony masses formed by the extensively spread prootics and 
ex-occipitals ( pr.o ., e.o.) are much nearer together above than below; there they 
deviate more and more from the foramen magnum to the foramina ovalia (V.), which 
they reach below. 
Above (fig. l), there is a large transversely oval space unossified, and with small 
secondary fontanelles; the prootics meet in front of this, and are far extended in 
the roof. Laterally, the prootics and ex-occipitals are confluent, but only affect the 
posterior, and the arch of the anterior, canals (fig. 1, au.) ; the rest of the divergent 
ear-mass is soft: below, an oval floor is left soft to the vestibule, externally (fig. 2, vb.). 
The actual cranial cavity is three times as wide in the post-orbital as in the ant- 
orbital region; far from being an extremely wide skull, it lessens forwards, to become 
one of the narrowest known. Its lateral margins are sinuous, the middle bellying a 
