112 
MR. W. K. PARKER ON THE STRUCTURE AND 
hinder lobe, which is merely a blunt projection. The trabecular and pre-palatine 
spikes (c.tr., pr.pa.) help to surround the inner nostril (i.n.) in the same manner, and 
the quadrate region (q.) is alike in both, but most turned inwards in this. 
The passages, only, of the 9th and 10th nerves are shown, but the common root of 
the upper and lower maxillary branches of the fifth (V 3,3 .), the orbito-nasal (V 1 .), the 
facial (VII.), and the long, undivided palatine or vidian are shown ; the latter (VII 1 .) is 
seen passing forwards outside of, and a little below, the orbito-nasal; it pierces the 
ethmoidal wing, then runs close to the mid-line, and supplies the upper lip. The 
optic (II.) and olfactory (I.) are seen in situ* 
The spiracular cartilage ( sp.c .) is shorter; the upper labials ( u.l a .u.l b .) are quite cut 
through into four pieces ; the lower labials (fig. 8, l.l.) and the mandibles (ink.) are 
similar to, but still more solid than, those of the larger kind. The hyoid cornu 
(fig. 9, c.hy.) is extended out into an unciform stylo-hval (. st.h .) and the condyle ( liy.c.) 
is narrow and oblong. 
The extra-branchial pouches (ex.br.) are similar, but the small cerato-branchials (c.br.) 
are smaller still in this, and the second is confluent with the hypo-branchial plate 
(h.br.), as well as with its corresponding external bar. 
All things, however, taken together, the want of conformity between these two in 
the chondrocranium is much less than between many other kinds that are congeners ; 
the eye sees at once that they must belong to types very near akin to each other. 
This is shown, also, in the parasphenoid (fig. 7, pa.s.), but it has a long point at its 
fore end, and its basi-temporal wings are pointed, but the two bones are very much 
alike : the great difference is in the want of any trace of granulation in this. 
The fronto-parietals (fig. 6, fp.) are also cpiite devoid of granulation ; and their 
size is in extreme contrast with those of the larval Calyptocephcdus ; they belong 
to a somewhat riper stage, and yet, instead of being large expanded plates, are mere 
styles of bone, lying like wall-plates on the edge of the skull, dilated a little on the 
inside where they will be more or less segmented into two bones, and on the outside, 
where they bind on the auditory sac. 
Third Family. “ Discoglossidje.” 
First genus. Discoglossus. 
27. Discoglossuspictus. —Adult male; 2^ inches long. South Europe. 
This is a true Frog, it comes next the Fannie, and above the Cystignathine species, 
but is modified by having a discoid tongue, dilated sacral apophyses, and opisthocoelian 
vertebrae. The other Frogs that possess the first of these marked characteristics are 
* The sudden curve, upwards, of the pedicle (fig. 6, pd.) gives it the appearance of lying over the 
5th nerve at its exit; this is not the case, however, the actual end passes into the skull much lower 
down. 
