142 
MR, W. K. PARKER OK THE STRUCTURE AND 
extent, axially; three-fifths of this is taken up by the huge, very diverging, widely 
pedate, thyro-hyals ( t.hy .). 
The posterior lateral lobes are normal; the anterior are small, irregular lobes. 
In this skull the roofing and outer walls are in harmony with the inner parts of the 
building ; the bones are very solid, and their outer surface is almost Ganoid, being 
richly sculptured with honey combings and clear granules, like the surface of a lai’ge 
thick-walled Globigerina bulloides. 
The roof in this old male is one bone, its parietal region projects as a thick triangular 
process over the archway of the occiput, and the nasal end (n.) reaches to the verge of 
the bony prenasal (figs. 5 and 7, n.px., eth.) ; there it ends in two broad, rounded lobes, 
divided by a sharp notch—all that remains of the nasal suture. This bilobate end of 
the roof is formed by the nasals, which were very large whilst distmct; they form a 
right and left wing over and down the antorbital region ; this part is of great breadth, 
quite unlike the usual spike that articulates with the maxillary. There is a regularly 
crescentic orbital margin to the frontal region, right and left; then a short, stout, 
postorbital process; then a rounded notch in the temporal region (belonging to the 
parietals); and then an oblique, crenate margin up to the terminal spike. 
This large, completely anchylosed, convex slab of sculptured bone (fig. 5) overhangs 
the flat orbital edge of the endocranium, its width, in the orbital region, increasing 
from before backwards, whilst the inner skull, in that part, increases from behind, 
forwards (fig. 6). 
The only part of the slab which articulates with other investing bones is the nasal 
wing—right and left; much of the extended ear-mass divides the parietal edge from 
the squamosal (sq.), and the nasal lobes do not reach the nasal processes of the pre- 
maxiilaries (figs. 5 and 7). 
The parasphenoid (fig. 6, jpa.s.) is large and typical; the blade is sub-carinate and 
trough-like ; the guards, on each side, are also hollow above, and receive the ear-masses 
into their hollows ; they bend downwards, right and left, in accordance with the 
dipping of the hind floor of the skull, towards the suspensoria (fig. 8). The handle 
of the parasphenoid is short and bifid; it does not reach to the edge of the base, 
behind. 
The vomers (fig. 6, v.) are curious foot-shaped bones, and are extremely solid, 
especially the dentigerous “ toe”—an oblique, oval mass, looking straight towards its 
fellow, from which it is separated by a space half the width of the lobe. The “ heel” 
of this bone lies over the internal nostril ( i.n .), from thence it becomes a thick wedge 
reaching to the junction of the premaxillary with the maxillary. 
The solid dentigerous lobe of each vomer, and the internal nostrils, form together a 
transverse series of long ovals, broken by the exposed base of the girdle-bone, and 
bounded by the bony palatines. 
The premaxillaries ( px.) are strong, wide, have a small flat palatine, and a large 
bowed sub-vertical nasal process (fig. 7, n.qjx.), which overlaps the inner and upper labial 
