182 
MR. W. K. PARKER ON THE STRUCTURE AND 
labials (1.1.) are thick scooped crescentic lunules; the upper (or temporary) labials 
(u.l.) are large, thick, and lozenge-shaped, with a deep notch outside. The hyoid 
(fig. 9, c.liy.) is very elegant. The lobate lower part is lozenge-shaped, and is joined 
to its fellow by the normal square mass of soft cells. The condyle and the condyloid 
cavity on the suspensorium (fig. 9, between q. and sp. ) are very large, and the stylo- 
hyal process is shaped like a Tiger’s claw, broadly uncinate with a definite point; this 
tract is separated from the hinder distal lobe by a deep notch. 
Altogether, this is a very peculiar chondrocranium ; the next stage, in another genus 
of the “ Hylidse ” (Nototrema, Plate 30, figs. 10-13), will show still further the pecu¬ 
liarities of the skull in the Tadpoles of this group. 
Second genus. Litoria. 
51. Litoria marmorata. —Adult male ; 1-| inch long. Australia. 
The skull of this species (Plate 19, figs. 11, 12) differs considerably from that of 
the wide-backed Australian Tree-frogs already described, viz. : Hjjla Eioingii, and 
H. phyllociiroa. In some respects it comes nearer that of H. albomarginata (Plate 32, 
figs. 6, 7), a Neotropical species, and in others it is not so far removed from that of a 
typical Rana. 
It is rather strongly built, and is not so flattened out as those I have been describing; 
in many things it shows characters that indicate affinity to other Families. The 
breadth is to the length as 11 to 10, and the quadrate condyles reach to the middle of 
the stapes (q.c., st.) ; hence it is a medium skull in these respects. So, also, in its 
flatness, in density of endocranial bone, and strength of investing bones, it is an average 
skull. The occipital condyles ( oc.c .) are of the medium size; they are postero-inferior, 
reniform, and are separated by a convex line of basal bone greater than their own 
breadth. The epiotic eminences over the posterior canals (p.s.c.) reach nearly as far 
back as the occipital condyles; then the other canals ( a.s.c ., h.s.c.) are large, but the 
parotic wings, although widely extended, are narrow and run to a rounded end ( t.ty .), 
which, at the point where the squamosal (sq.) binds on, is unossified. 
But the whole hind skull, with this exception, and with the exception of the basi- 
sphenoidal region, is all solid bone up to the optic fenestra (II.). The hinder 
tegmen cranii is well ossified, but here was seen what is evidently rare in the Ply 1 idee, 
namely, two large secondary fontanelles; they are, however, filled in with periosteal 
bone, and are traceable by means of its thinness. The sides of the mid skull form 
a gently concave outline, inbent most at the middle; the great fontanelle (fo.), which 
is longer than either of the bony tracts above, is a long oval, has but narrow tegminal 
margins, and is a little roofed over by the fronto-parietals ( f.p.). The optic fenestrse 
(II.) are of medium size, and have a tract of cartilage nearly of their own extent in 
front of them ; from thence bone—the girdle-bone (eth.) —reaches above, to the middle, 
