186 
MR. W. K. PARKER ON THE STRUCTURE AND 
figs. 1, 2), but the intrinsic roof of the bitter, and the secondary roof of Nototrema, 
dilate the top at opposite ends, so that whilst they have the same actual outline, this 
is reversed; the skull in this kind is twice as wide at the temples as in front, and in 
the other twice as wide in front as at the temples. 
Moreover, the skull is almost as completely roofed as in the narrow-backed Oriental 
Tree-frogs (Polypedatidse), for only a httle of the membranous fontanelle is naked, 
as the roof-bones converge rapidly, and for half their extent form a “ sagittal suture.” 
Somewhat hooked in front, the fronto-parietals {fp.) insert their point under the 
nasals (».), but leave a pentagonal tract of the girdle uncovered, in front of the 
fontanelle, and also expose, right and left, the small semi-ossified superorbital eaves 
( s.ob .). Above, in front, this bony part is hidden by the conterminous nasals (n.), and 
below, in some degree, by the inner end of each palatine {pa.), and by the toothed 
boss of each vomer ( v .). The dilated end of each ethmoidal wing, and nearly all the 
nasal region, are left untouched by the girdle-bone. The nasal roof (< al.n .) is formed by a 
pair of large, but narrow, crescents, that are confluent by their backs with the top of the 
septum {s.n.) ; the whole tract is narrow-waisted. So also is the floor (fig. 2, s.n.), but 
it is twice as wide, and at its angles spreads into leafy lobes, that grow well into the 
fore end of the maxillaries ( mx .). The outer nostrils {e.n.) are not wide apart, although 
the snout is transverse ; yet the outline of the bones ( px .) is crescentic. The inner 
nostrils are one-half larger, and their distance is one-half greater. The transverse 
snout-margin has three well-formed projections, namely, a terete prenasal, and the 
two pedate, out-turned pro-rhinals ( p.rh .). The appendices of the nostrils {u.V-.u.V 1 .) 
are of the typical size and form. 
The palato-suspensorials are strong, the front bar (pa., pr.pa. ) is directly transverse 
and cult-rate, and the lateral part (pa. to pg.) gently arcuate. The palatine bone {pa.) 
is thin, falcate, and narrowest in the middle ; it is but little united to the cartilage. 
The pterygoid {pg.), as usual, runs up along the post-palatine bar to the curved end 
of the palatine bone ; it has largely affected the cartilage beneath, and has run outwards 
into the post-palatine lobe, thus making what is generally only seen during meta¬ 
morphosis (see in Pseudis, Plate 12, fig. 4), a permanent structure ; for at one time 
all the arch which now stretches from the ethmoidal wing to the jugal lobe was 
antorbital, and it really belongs to the palatine. The pterygoid (fig. 2, pg.) seems, as 
seen from below, to have two sub-equal forks, but the side view corrects this (fig. 3), 
and the quadrate region is seen to be of considerable extent; it is partly ossified. 
The fork of the bone {pg.) is sharp, and thus the Eustachian opening {eu.), which is of 
the medium size, is oval. The inner fork {pd.) is formed of the cartilaginous pedicle 
and pterygoid bone ; the latter almost obliterates the joint, but not so much as in 
Hyla albomarginata. The quaclrato-condyle {q.c.) is a very finely finished trochlea, 
for the solid cylindroidal condyle of the mandible (fig. 3 ar.c.). The auditory outworks 
have but a middling development; the annulus {a.ty.) is not small, but its horns are 
wide apart; there is a good sized tympanic cavity. The stapes (fig. 5, st.) is large, 
