218 
MR. W. K. PARKER OK THE STRUCTURE ANT) 
cerato-liyals (fig. 4, c.hy.) gradually enlarge and contract again before they turn back 
into the non-lobate hypo-lryal bands. The anterior lateral lobes of the basal plate 
(Jj.li.br). are but little freed from the main sheet of cartilage ; they end in a blunt point 
far in front of the deep, narrow notch. Then the plate is very narrow, and gives off 
two small hind lobes. The thyro-hyals ( t.hy.) are rather short, bent strongly upwards 
to embrace the larynx, diverge at a right angle, and end in a blunt piece of cartilage. 
The investing bones are intermediate between those of B. agua and Otilophus (Plates 
36-38); belonging to a species so much smaller than the former, they are far less solid ; 
their surface is smooth, except at their free sub-cristate edges, which are serrate, but 
not beaded and ornate as in Otilophus; on the whole, this skull is like that of either 
of the two kinds between which I have placed it, and links them together. 
The broad fronto-parietals are ( f.p .) more than double the width of the inner skull, 
they are separated by a fronto-sagittal suture, and by an interrupted transverse suture 
from the nasals (n .); they are lobate behind, exposing the superoccipital region, and arti- 
culate largely with the dilated squamosals behind the orbits. A lozenge of the girdle- 
bone (eth.) is seen between the nasals and frontals ; the former (n.) are large, triangular 
shells with a broad facial plate (fig. 3) ; they are jagged and pointed in front, and 
almost reach the end of the snout. As in the embryo of the Pig, the premaxillaries 
(figs. 2, 3, px .) are quite under the snout, and the long nasal processes are tilted 
forwards ; the palatine processes are small and sharp. The maxillaries Jinx. ) are deep, 
but then palatine edge is not extended far inwards; they reach nearly to the hinge of 
the jaw, and are overlapped by the small quadrato-jugal styles (q.j .) which keep distinct 
from the quadrate piers. The squamosals ( sq .) are almost entirely like those of B. agua, 
but they have sharper and more serrated edges, especially along the temporal region ; 
the descending part is small, long, and sigmoid. In front (Plate 37, fig. 3, and Plate 36, 
fig. 8), old generalised ichthyic characters break out; there is a large, shell-like septo- 
maxillary ( s.mx .), and behind this a thin, sub-crescentic “pre-orbital” ( p.ob .) ; it is 
perched upon the ascending inner lamina of the maxillary (rnx.). The parasphenoid 
(fig. 2 ,pa.s.) is more normal than in B. agua, but its fore part is broader; the pterygoid 
does, however, overlap the basi-temporal wing, obliquely ; there is a transverse crest 
between the two wings. The vomers (v.) are thin, toothless shells, semi-circular in 
form, but with post- and pre-narial spikes, and a lobulated fore part; they throw the 
inner nostrils (i.n.) very far apart; the outer (e.n.) are wide apart, but these are at 
nearly twice their distance. 
This is a very instructive skull, looked at in its Bufonine aspects ; as compared with 
the Anurous “ norma” it is very remarkable ; it differs as follows :—■ 
1. In the triangular form of the skull; its breadth above, the height of the face, and 
the shallowness of the cranial cavity; also in the tendency to a crested and sculptured 
condition of the outer bones. 
2. In the intense ossification of the endocranium, blotting out all landmarks, except 
the necessary foramina. 
