222 
MR. W. K. PARKER OK THE STRUCTURE AND 
by it, the nasals and the maxillaries (rax.), there is a roughly orbicular, notched septo- 
maxillary (s.mx.). The maxillaries (fig. 1, mx.) are large, deep, sculptured bones, with 
both margins somewhat sigmoid; the quadrato-jugals are unusually long, thick, and 
broad ; they are strongly grafted on to the quadrate (q.). The suspensorium curves 
forwards towards the large sulcate trochlea ( q.c.). The inner process of the pterygoid 
(fig. 2, pg.) binds the pedicle, the hinder process binds the inside of the quadrate, and 
the front part, which is very wide, behind, shows a large tract of cartilage (sp.), and 
is strongly bound to the inner face of the maxillary. The mandible (fig. 1) has a large 
and deep articular process, the Meckelian rod (mk) is scarcely affected by the half 
sheath of bone—the articulare ; the dentary (cl.) is only a third the length of the 
ramus ; the mento-Meckelian (m.mk.) is of the average size ; the whole lower jaw is 
rather weak and very flexible, quite unlike the upper jaw. As is shown also in the 
half-grown specimen, the “ annulus ” (ci.ty.) is perfect, and sends a small flange down 
upon the intruding, down-turned columella (e.st.). The medio-stapedial (fig. 2, m.st.) 
is long; the stapes and the intermediate inter-stapedial lobe are partly ossified. 
As compared with P. ornatus this type is, as it were, the same exaggerated ; it is less 
ossified by far, even in the adult, in its endocranium, but this is made up by the enor¬ 
mous development of its investing bones. It comes nearer the skull of the Common 
Frog in the retention of large tracts of cartilage, but is less like that “pattern” in 
having no inter-stapedial. I find no second preorbited besides the septo-maxillary, and 
in this it is more normal; the fenestrse in the basal plate are quite peculiar. 
One thing to be noticed is this, namely, that this Chamcdeonoid skull has not been 
specialised at the expense of any essential Batrachian character ; the skull of the 
Chameleon is a much greater modification of the Lacertilian type of skull, as I have 
shown in a monograph on the cranium of that Family elsewhere (Trans. Zool. Soc., 1881). 
In the small Toads that form the Families most related to the typical kinds, we shall 
find, with far less change of outer form, skulls that are much fuller of exceptional 
characters than that of this species, whose abnormality lies mainly in outward form, 
the deeper characters being on the whole true to the “ norma.” 
In the next Family of Toads, “ Rhinodermatidae,” the parotoids are absent, and the 
ear is less perfect than in the “ Bufonidee.” 
Second Family. “ Rhinodermatid^e.” 
First genus. Rhinoderma. 
64. Rhinoderma Darwinii. —Adult male; 1 inch long. Chili. 
The skull of this species (Plate 39, figs. 1-6) is peculiarly Ranine, both in form and 
in strength; it is sub-triangular; but the skull of newly metamorphosed Toads 
(“ Bufonidae”) show this, also, more or less (figs. 7-9). 
