DEVELOPMENT OF THE SKULL IN THE BATRACHIA. 
225 
10. Those of the fore face are thrown quite beneath the snout. 
11. There are no septo-maxillaries. 
With regard to the classification of the lesser Toads, without parotoids, I incline to 
something intermediate between Dr. Gunther’s system (“Bat. Sal.”) and Professor 
Mivart’s (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, p. 280). 
The latter has put several of Dr. Gunther’s Families together to make up his 
“ Engystomidse” (see p. 289); and in the “ Batrachia Salientia” the genus Diplopelma 
is put with Rliinoderma, Atelopus, and Uperodon, to form the “ Bhinodermatidse.” 
Again, Professor Mivart (p. 287) puts Pseudophryne and Micrhyla with Phryniscus, 
to form his “ Phry nisei dm.” 
But the skull of Pseudophryne comes much nearer to that of Diplopelma than to 
that of Phryniscus, and the cranial characters of Engystoma and Diplopelma are 
almost the same; these two genera are very closely related. 
The form of skull just described— Rliinoderma —is very unlike any of them, and I 
have examined none, as yet, with which it can be put; it may stand at the head of 
a Family, with Diplopelma, or the latter might be introduced (by a modification of the 
language used by Dr. Gunther in his group-characters) among the “ Engystomidae.” 
I shall, for the present, keep Pseudophryne where that author puts it (“ Bat. Sal.,” 
p. 45), viz. : among the “ Brachycephalidseunfortunately, I have not worked out 
the skull either of Brachycephalus or Hemisus. 
I am doubtful of the propriety of bundling up Callula ( Hylcedactylus) with the 
“ Engystomidae.” 
But the whole subject bristles with difficulties; in passing from species to species, 
in the same genus, some new and unexpected variation is always turning up. 
Second genus. Diplopelma. 
65. Diplopelma ornatum, vel rubrum. —Adult male ; 11 lines long. India. 
This, like the last, was a male; it was less than an inch in length ; the skull (Plate 
42, figs. 8 and 9), also, has its length and greatest width equal ; but this skull agrees 
much more closely with that of Pseudophryne (Plate 42, figs. 1, 2), than that of the 
different species of the same genus that could be given in many instances. 
Like that of Pseudophryne this is a very arrested skull, and shows some curious 
analyses of the Batrachian cranial elements. On the whole, the ossification is about 
equal in both ; but, notwithstanding their close kinship, these two small Toads have 
several instructive cranial differences. 
The hind skull is less massive, and is altogether proportionately less (figs. 8, 9 ; 
and 1, 2) ; and as the quadrate condyles reach nearly to the stapes, the facial outline 
is longer, and becomes arcuate in its hinder third ; two-thirds of it are very straight, 
and the rather broad snout projects more in the middle, for the prenasal rostrum 
MDCCCLXX XI 2 G 
