234 
MR. W. K. PARKER OK THE STRUCTURE AKD 
ralised) condition of a beaked snout is found in this genus Xenophrys (Plate 23, figs. 
5-7), among the toothed Anura. From the snout to the ethmoidal region the ossified 
subnasal laminae (fig. 2 , p.n., eth.) form a concave plate, in front of which the nerve 
passages (n.n.) are seen wide apart, and outside of them, the small pro-rhinals grow 
out, and are imbedded in the premaxillaries ( px). The nasal roof (fig. 1, p.n.) is 
moderately convex; the skull is very shallow at this part (fig. 3), which condition is 
increased by the hollow form of the fore-palate. 
The subocular spaces are an almost perfect oval, and the bars surrounding them are 
strong. The nostrils {e.n.) are wide apart, their valves {u.d.u.l' 2 .) are normal. The fore 
skull is formed of the combined ethmo-nasal cartilages and bones, which are continuous 
with the palatines. The pre- and post-palatine regions of the latter are adze-shaped; 
there is some cartilage left above, in this part (fig. 1 , e.pci.), and also along the whole 
palato-suspensorial bar, into the quadrate {q.c.) and pedicle {pel.), which has a free joint 
on the skull; the quadrate is but little affected by the cjuadrato-jugal. The forks of 
the pterygoid bone (pg.), which enclose the small oblique Eustachian pouch (eu.), run 
backward to the same transverse line, for the quadrate hinge is arrested in its retreat. 
Its condyle {q.c.) is long-reniform, and its front edge is opposite the exit of the optic 
nerve (II.), an extremely forward position in an adult Anuran; also the left is not in 
symmetry with the right, and is not nearly so far back. 
Considering that the pedicles {pd.) once were continuous with the basis cranii 
under the outgoing trigeminals (V.), their present position speaks of a large amount of 
metamorphosis, after all; they are very wide apart now, and far from the skull-base. 
In the obtuse angle formed by the suspensorium and its splint (fig. 3, sq.) there 
is a very small semi-lunar annulus {a.ty.), and in its inner rim the fore part of 
the columella {e.st.) fits. The stapes (figs. 1 and 5, st.) is an oblique half oval; it is 
convexo-concave, and umbonate. 
The columella has no proximal joint, but the medio-stapedial {m.st.) is very thick, 
above, and the most solid part is oblique, emarginate, and unossified; it wedges itself 
within the oblique part of the stapes. The shaft is bent on the clubbed end, and 
ceasing to be bony, below, soon dilates into the broad trowel-shaped extra-stapedial 
{e.st.), which has no ascending ray. 
The narrow stylo-hyal {st.h.) is uniting with the tympanic floor, and does not 
enlarge in the cerato-hyal region (fig. 4, c.hy.) until near to the hypo-hyal loop. 
The basal plate has three rounded notches in front; the median space is deep and 
narrow between the hypo-hyal bands ; there is, right and left, a small ear-shaped 
front “ lateral lobe.” There is no hind lobe, and the basal plate is very long (narrow 
beyond all precedent in this group, the “ Anura ”), and ends in two strong, upbent, 
widely diverging thyro-hyals {t.hy.). The mandible (fig. 4) is normal, the dentary {d.) 
is half as long as the ramus, the articular surface is large and obliquely reniform; the 
articulare (an) has not ossified the rod {ink.) appreciably, and the mento-Meckelians 
{m.mk.) are large. 
