NIAGARA GROUP. 
93 
15 . 
In these instances, as illustrated, it is very obvious that the concretionary part was the first 
portion of the mass which had assumed solidity ; and that, in expanding, it was not restrained 
by the material in which it is enclosed, these two causes being the prime ones of the varied 
appearances which it exhibits. The action also was entirely confined to the parts immediately 
enveloping the concretions, the parts above and below them being wholly undisturbed. 
In Madison county, this concretionary character is less observable ; but the limestone is 
granular, shining, and looks like a glistening sandstone : its color is quite dark. It is quarried 
on the farms of Messrs. Wood and Adams, in the town of Lenox. In Sullivan, it is found on 
the farm of Joseph Clark, and by the roadside near his house. On the adjoining farm, it is 
burnt by Enos Hubbard for lime. 
Numerous quarries are opened in the limestone rock through the towns of Cicero, Clay, 
Lysander, Ira and Victory, showing considerable improvement in the quality and in the thick¬ 
ness of the calcareous portion of the rock. The mass is of great importance in all that sec¬ 
tion of the country, not only furnishing building stone, but also lime suitable for all the pur¬ 
poses to which that article is usually applied, excepting where a very white lime is required. 
One of the best quarries to show the position of the concretionary part of the mass, is at 
Noadiah Hart’s, about one mile and a third to the northwest of Betts’ corners. The upper 
layer is in concretions curving upwards, as in the above wood-cut, the texture highly granular. 
Below this the layers are straight, and make, as was said, a white lime, but they are too thin 
for building stone. 
At Denis’, in the town of Clay, on the road to Oneida outlet, the concretions are small, 
numerous, and resemble those of Lockport, but are not so regular. 
The quarries of Judge Bigelow and Ham in the town of Lysander, are on opposite sides 
of the road from Baldwinsville to Phillipsburg. About five feet of rock, in layers from one to 
six inches thick, are worked : it is very black. Some of the layers contain some of the 
smooth ramose fucoids, a few of the Bicostated orthis, and cytherinse. It contains also some 
oolite. It is quarried for lime and building stone. 
The quarry of Mr. Doud, in Victory, is of greater interest, as affording more fossils, such 
as the orthis above mentioned, a columnaria also, and an avicula, as well as a slender encri- 
nite not yet specifically named. 
