WATER-LIME GROUP. 
113 
There are few rocks of the Helderberg range, exposed in so many points so the water-lime 
group; a few of the most prominent only will be mentioned, in order to show their precise range. 
The next place of interest is on the side-hill of Smith’s farm, on the road from Fort-Plain 
to Richford Springs, where a quarry is opened in the lower part. The layers are of a drab 
color, and of a darker yellow where altered. It is the only part of the district where the 
Catenipora, supposed to be the labyrinthica, was found. A columnaria also occurs in the 
mass, a few specimens of which were two feet in diameter, and other fossils are associated 
with them. 
Further west, back of the adit where gypsum occurs in the town of Stark, in ascending the 
hill by the road, the same drab-colored layers with globular columnarise are seen, above which 
are the usual blackish-blue straight layers of the group, with numerous cytherince, and also 
the Plicated orthis. 
In the low hill-side at Mr. Crugar’s, the upper part only appears. It contains, in one or 
two layers, numerous casts of the internal part of the Antique littorina, or a shell which resem¬ 
bles it; and the two usual associates, the Plicated orthis and the Elevated cytherina. 
At Harvey Gitman’s in the town of Columbia, it shows drab and blue layers, the former 
somewhat brownish, and others which alter to a deep brownish yellow. It is quite fossilife- 
rous ; a greater number of different kinds were found here than in any other part of the group, 
among which were the Plicated orthis, Rugous avicula, cytherinae, columnarife, strophomenae, 
an atrypa, and parts of a calymene and an asaphus. 
It is considerably exposed through the town of Litchfield, near Cedarville, and further west. 
The casts of the Antique? littorina again appear in the hill-side on Mr. Brown’s farm, between 
Cedarville and Wetmore’s public house. 
In Oneida county, the first locality of note is the one below the village of Paris-hill, ascend¬ 
ing from Sauquoit creek by the road to the north of Swift creek, or Rogers’ machine factory. 
The lower layers are thin, bluish, but become earthy by exposure ; above which, are the usual 
dark blue ones with cytherince, etc. which are burnt for lime. The group makes its appear¬ 
ance on the side-hill of the same projecting mass, to the northwest of Eastman quarry, the 
hill facing Oriskany valley. 
The group forms the high projecting point south of Hamilton College, and is uncovered in 
many places on the surface of the hill south towards Oriskany falls. Towards the south part, 
it is covered by higher masses. At the falls it shows, at the water’s edge in the canal, a drab- 
colored mass; above which are the blue layers, containing Plicated orthis, cytherinae, tentacu- 
lites, casts of the Antique littorina, Rugous avicula, an orthocera, and the Peaform? agnostis. 
At this locality in particular, and in others to the east, but not much observed to the west, parts 
of the mass are full of small irregular cavities, rarely exceeding a quarter of an inch in diame¬ 
ter ; the rock harsh to the touch, showing evidently that a soluble mineral once occupied the 
cavities. 
In Oneida valley, on the east side, it has been quarried in several places, and forms also 
the base of the falls of Oneida creek on the west side. It forms the great mass of the gulph 
Geol. 3d Dxst. 15 
