156 
GEOLOGY OF THE THIRD DISTRICT. 
Orthis resupinata or the Upside-down orthis, Bufo calymene, and the genus Gryphseus ; but 
this fact does not hold to the east of the lake, where their range is more extensive. So also 
with the Recurved cypricardite, which I only found in that part, on the lake, under the Tully 
limestone at Ludlowville. This fossil holds a lower position east, being one of the numerous 
ones near West-Hamilton, in the sandstone portion of the group. These facts are given to 
show the difficulty of establishing differences in the group to the east of Cayuga lake, and 
not that differences do not exist to the west of it; for as shale greatly predominates at that 
end of the State, and mixtures at the east end, an obvious constancy as to the position or 
vertical range of fossils may exist at the one, and may not exist, or not be very apparent at 
the other. 
The Moscow shales maybe seen between the two limestones in any of the ravines, or small 
brooks which flow into the lake from Long point to Hemrod’s point, and from thence along 
the lake shore to Bloom’s lime-kiln. Similar shales, but generally harder, appear under the 
Tully limestone at Montville, Moravia, Yanetten’s mill in Sempronius, Tully four corners 
and Tinker’s falls; at all which localities the Tully limestone appears, and beyond also 
where the limestone has run out, as at Smyrna, the creek at Sherburne, and at North New- 
Berlin ; or at least we find at all these places a more fine-grained and softer shale, with 
numerous and similar fossils, succeeding harder shales and sandstone ; but whether they are 
the same with the Moscow shales, will depend upon a comparative examination of their fossils, 
which has not yet been made, and which must be subject matter for the Report on the Fossils 
of the State. 
From the great thickness of the group, and the extent of surface which it covers, it pre¬ 
sents numerous points for examination ; deep and broad valleys being excavated in the group, 
into which numerous brooks, flowing from the hill-tops, discharge their waters, often pre¬ 
senting one or more cascades, where a harder portion of the group has arrested the destruc¬ 
tive action of their waters. 
In Otsego county, among the numerous favorable points for examining some portions of 
the group, is the brook by the ashery just below Cherry-Valley village. The part at the falls 
consists of the coarse shale, and contains numerous fossils, such as the two varieties of the 
Mucronated delthyris, the Concentric atrypa, Keeled atrypa, Undulated conularia, Cryphseus, 
etc. Higher up on the hill are harder and sandy varieties of the group, but too much covered 
up to admit of much examination. 
The brook on the west side of the valley, two miles lower down, exhibits the finer and 
more fissile shale, then the coarser, and finally the sandstone variety towards the top of the 
hill, which appears as a ledge, showing numerous specimens of the Flabella avicula, the 
common one of the group. 
Between Clarksville and Cherry-Valley on the east side, and on the side-hill, the coarse 
shale appears with the fossils, among which is De Kay’s dipleura, parts of which are fre¬ 
quently met with from the first district to Cayuga county. 
