UPLIFTS OF THE MOHAWK. 
205 
the Utica slate once covered their whole surface ; that by raising the lower rocks, the valley, 
and the country to the north of the valley, are abundantly furnished with limestone for lime, 
and with other excellent materials for building. 
Along the Mohawk, the first uplift is that of Flint hill. The lowest part consists of the 
Calciferous group, which extends to Amsterdam village, and disappears under the Black- 
river and the Trenton limestone; the whole of which, further west, are lost under the al¬ 
luvion. This uplift has given rise to the quarry at Schelpintown, and to those of Amsterdam, 
Stanton’s, &c. 
The second uplift is at Tripes hill; showing bj the sides of the railroad, three elevations 
as in the wood-cut., the layers of which are inclined from east to west, ranging parallel with 
each other. The first rise, or No. 1, consists of the Calciferous group, a quarry being opened 
in this rock by the side of the road ; No. 2 consists of Biifseye limestone ; No. 3, the inter¬ 
mediate mass to that rock and the Trenton limestone, the tv 0 forming with the Chazy lime¬ 
stone the Black-river limestone group. The third elevation, or fise, No. 4, consists entirely of 
the Trenton limestone. They all dip west ten degrees south, and show the direction of their 
uplift, and the effects of denudation in producing their insulation. Between the Trenton lime¬ 
stone and the river, is the intermediate mass; it is extensively quarried at this place, and on 
the hill near the village. The quarries near the village, the one at the foot of the hill in the 
fucoidal layers, and the large one on the hill, consisting as just mentioned of the intermediate 
limestone, are in parts of this uplift. 
The third uplift is but very partial, the trenton only appearing; it is by the road-side to 
the east of Caughnawaga, or Fonda. 
The fourth uplift is the Noses. It rises in the valley like a huge dyke or mountain barrier; 
showing a long continuous wall, (except where broken by the river,) which faces the east, and 
slopes gradually along the river to the west; the Mohawk passing by a gap through the mass, 
showing on either side a cliff of the Calciferous group, which often rises vertically to two 
hundred and more feet. The gneiss forms the base of the east end. It shows itself in three 
places on the south side, and terminates its range east, rising probably one hundred feet above 
the river. On the north side, it underlies the road and extends to the side of the cliff, rising 
forty or fifty feet on the west of the brook, where the cliff appears to be divided into two masses. 
Gneiss also appears at the east end, where the rubbish, which partially covers its face, has 
been removed. 
On the north side of the uplift, the calciferous has been uncovered to great extent, showing 
