252 
GEOLOGY OF THE THIRD DISTRICT. 
bury village attains considerable elevation. For about six or seven miles, the course of the 
range of primary is to the north and east, and its height uniform, appearing as a ridge. 
Beyond, it is broken into rounded or curved masses of different elevations, etc. There is a 
much greater variety of gneiss at the east than at the west end, in that section of country. 
On Mr. Clark’s farm, about two and a half miles from Kingsborough, the rock is quarried for 
the village. It has a striped or ribbony appearance, being a well-characterized gneiss, and 
contains numerous small red garnets, which give a brownish color to the rock, the mica being 
black. Green feldspar is very common in the rock. Further north there is an abundance of 
beautiful porphyritic gneiss, suitable for all purposes to which granite is applied ; its structure 
being but slightly schistose, and which would favor its extraction. The hills, or mountains as 
they are here termed, rise about five to six hundred feet above their base, the latter being 
elevated about eleven hundred feet above the Mohawk, as was ascertained for the purpose of 
connecting the waters of the Sacandaga with the Mohawk. 
The junction of the Primary and the Calciferous sandstone, from Royal hill to East-Canada 
creek, is concealed by alluvion. The country from the creek to Lasselsville consists of 
rounded elevations, sandy, loamy and clayey, between which the small water courses of that 
section pass on their way to the Mohawk. East of the village there are sand-hills, and the 
remains of a gravel bank; and from thence to Royal hill, gravel hills, composed of stones 
from the size of paving stones to small gravel. The country is much broken by rounded and 
irregular elevations and depressions ; showing, from Royal hill to East-Canada creek, a line 
of agitated waters, resembling the one which extends along Black river to Boonville. 
At Pleasant-Valley, the alluvion is of great thickness, its hills rising to about one hundred 
feet of elevation. It continues up to Garoga lake, the banks of which are now a swamp, 
owing to a dam of but a few feet, which caused their overflow. The hills extend below the 
mill near Garoga village, and pass east towards Kingsbury; and from thence by the line of 
dividing waters south of Fonda’s-Bush, into Saratoga county. The great mass of the chain 
of hills east of Garoga creek is of yellow sand, the same kind with that of the Primary region. 
The whole chain is like a line of dividing waters, especially that part which is between 
Kingsbury and Saratoga county; the wind and the waves having united their forces to heap 
up the sand of the beach. 
The Vlie, or natural meadow and swamp which extends along the creek of that name to 
near the Fish-house, are the remains of a lake, and show the preexistent state of that country ; 
the drainage of which happened at successive periods, as is beautifully shown, and the extent 
of alluvial action also, near where the upper and lower roads unite, which lead from Cran¬ 
berry post-office to the river, near the hill or mountain side. There four well defined alluvial 
banks exist, resembling great steps or benches, ranging by the mountain side, which forms a 
semi-amphitheatre, changing by a curve from a northeast to a south-southeast direction. The 
upper bank of alluvion rises about a hundred feet above the river; the next below, about 
eighty feet; the third, from thirty to forty feet; and the lowest, from ten to twelve feet. The 
upper one is of sand, the second of bluish clay covered with sand, and two lower ones of sand 
and gravel. 
