IN CEYLON. 513 
at Passara, in May and June, 1901, at an elevation of 2,800 
feet, several trees were entirely leafless, and others in new 
leaf and flower ; at Nawalapitiya and Dikoya several trees 
were leafless during March. 1902. 
13.— ûeylcsBî iradligenoiss Species m India. 
In the foregoing lists a record of the periodicities of the 
deciduous species has been given. These usually refer to the 
behaviour of the plants in Ceylon, and it is now necessary to 
observe the behaviour of the same species in other countries. 
Brandis, in his “ Account of the Forest Flora of North- 
West and Central India,” has given the periodicities of many 
species indigenous to Ceylon and India, and from references 
in his book and that of Kurz on “ The Forest Flora of British 
Burma ” the following details have been obtained. 
In the dry parts and deciduous forests of India, Burma, 
Bengal, and South India, trees of Diospyros Melanoxylon, 
Diospyros montana, Gardenia latifolia, Odina Wodier, 
Phyllanthus Emblica, Schleichera trijuga, and Spondias 
mangifera usually shed their old leaves every year. 
(1) Diospyros Melanoxylon .—The leaves are shed in March 
and April, and foliar renewal, accompanied by the produc¬ 
tion of flowers, is effected in April. 
(2) Diospyros montana .—The leaves are renewed in Feb¬ 
ruary and March, and the flowers appear from March to May. 
(3) Gardenia latifolia .—New leaves are produced in May; 
the wood has distinct rings of growth. 
(4) Odina Wodier .—Trees of this species are leafless from 
January or February to June, and flowers appear while the 
tree is leafless. Kurz remarks that this species is frequent 
in all kinds of leaf-shedding forests all over Burma from 
Ava to Martaban down to Tenasserim and the Andamans 
(Vol. I., p. 321). 
(5) Phyllanthus Emblica. —The tree is more or less leafless 
from February to April, and Kurz quotes it (Vol. II., p. 352) 
as being common in deciduous forests, especially the dry and 
open ones. 
