988 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters. 
the pine is here largely removed, enough forest of birch, maple, 
poplar and conifers is left to preserve the necessary moisture for 
the support of a rich bryophytic flora. The writer has never 
been in the White Mountains and knows the region of Fran¬ 
conia only from his Bradford Torrey and the many specimens 
in the hepatic herbarium, but to him Manitou Falls on Black 
River is the “Flume” of Douglas Co., Wisconsin. As might 
be expected the plants collected here are similar to those on the 
FTorth Shore Range. Scapania nemorosa , Scapania curta, 
Lophozia heterocalpa, Jungermannia pumila, Cololejeunea 
Biddlecomiae are some of the common mesophytic rock 
loving species. On the other hand the North Shore Range, 
at the higher altitudes, present in places a xerophytic 
habitat. In such places only, has been found Lophozia alpestris, 
L. excisa, L. bicrenata, Scapania unibrosa, Sphenolobus Hel- 
lerianus, and Cephaloziella myriantha. The severe long winter 
of continued cold, and rather hot, dry summers of intense 
growth of all forms of vegetation; the presence of only two 
months of the year devoid of frosts; the rather high dry rocks 
and upland bogs and lakes; all these approach a semi-alpine, 
semi-arctic habitat. In evidence of this we And Cephalozia 
pleniceps, C. connivens, Mylia anomala, Lophozia alpestris , 
L. heterocolpa, L. Muelteri and Blepharostoma trichophyllum, 
the latter growing freely on the ground. South and southeast 
of the Copper Range the country is broken into ridges of clay 
and sand, gradually becoming a typical pine barren toward the 
southern limit of the District—the country of jack pine and 
sweet fern, of blueberry, arbutus and scrub oak, of innumerable 
deep clear lakes, with their edging of sandy beaches or cran¬ 
berry bogs trailing off into a balsam and tamarack swamp. 
Collections were made from such places as Solon Springs, Gor¬ 
don Lakes, Lake Nebagamon, Brule River and Winneboujou. 
Such is the general environment of the hepaticae of the Duluth- 
Superior District. Dr. Alexander W. Evans has kindly veri¬ 
fied the 80 species here reported, and a duplicate set has been 
placed in his herbarium. The writer gratefully acknowledges 
his indebtedness to both Dr. Evans and Miss C. C. Haynes for 
their invaluable assistance. 
