Schlatter—The Development of the Vowel. 1079 
—There are very few cases of clearly popular words, uninflu¬ 
enced by allied forms wherein the accent is on the I and which 
would, therefore, tend to preserve the I, anyway. Further¬ 
more, it is not possible, in many cases, to distinguish between 
popular and literary words, since in the latter the result was 
the same. In the following two groups of examples, both con¬ 
tain popular and literary words, hut the second has only words 
under the influence of allied forms, accented on the I, or of 
analogous words,—these are suggested in the parentheses. Ex¬ 
amples:— first group , citta, civile, crivello, diverse, dividere, 
divino, ghirlanda (and illiterate grillanda), Italia, livello, mili- 
tare, m'iracolo, principio, rivale, sipario, sirena, stipendio, vi- 
cino; second group, chinare (chino, etc.), cimiere (cima), dire, 
etc. (dice, etc.), divertire (di— in composition,—see §§11 and 
12), fiducia (fido), figliuolo (figlio), finire (fine), fissare 
(fisso,’etc.), girare (giro, etc.),' gridare (grido, etc.), invemo 
(in—in composition,—see §19), liberta (lihero), limare 
(lima), livore (livido), mirare (miro, etc.), ridicolo (ridere), 
stridore (stridere), tirare (tiro, etc.), trillare (trillo, etc.), 
vihrare (vibro, etc.), vilta (vile), visitare (visito, etc.), vi¬ 
vace (vivere, etc.). 
2. Exceptions. 
(a) Influence of E.—The development to E, instead to I, 
in the following exceptions seems due, at least in part, to the 
following It 1 : gerfalco (obsolete for girfalco), from gyr(are) 
-falco (common Eomance: cf. the French gerfaut) ; cerusico 2 ; 
meraviglia, a common Eomance development from *mirabilia, 
for Classic mi-; serena, for sirena, from sirena, from cruprjv , 
but here confusion with sereno and a tendency to vowel har¬ 
mony would also be of influence; bergantino, for brigantino, 
from a base hriga; gherbello (usually crivello), 3 from cribellu-; 
§2. Note 1. Cf. §§21, 22, 49. 
2. According to Petrocchi, circusico still lives in the Montagna 
pistoiese. 
3. Evidently distorted by some analogy. See Caix, Studi, No. 10 ( i. 
Crivello is perhaps semi-liter ary; the popular word is vaglio. Thert 
is also the form garbello. 
