1080 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
ternita, a peasant word for trinita (confused with etemita or 
with terno) 4 . 
(b) Influence of Labials. —To preceding or following la¬ 
bial consonants are attributable the cases which follow: dovi- 
zia, dovidere (now obsolete), scioverno, a noun from sciover- 
nare, from *(e)xhibernare; rubaldo, probably through a form 
robaldo, with contamination of rubare 5 ; funire, an Aretine 
form for finire 6 ; Classic Latin pipilare, a verb expressing the 
peeping of chickens, apparently developed> pibilare> pivi- 
lare> pivolare> povolare> puvolare> piiolare> pugolare,— 
the forms pigolare, pugolare, p'iulare (Lucchese), piuli (a peas¬ 
ant word), piolare (Pistoiese), piolio (peasant word), are 
found. 7 
(cl Double Fobms. —There are some exceptions to the rule, 
which are perhaps to be explained by the assumption that 1 
was confused with 1 and developed under the same conditions 
(see §20 seq.) ; additional influences have had a bearing in 
some cases. Examples: premizia (Matt. Villani), for prim- 
izia; cesoie, for cisoie; cesello, for cisello 8 ; letigio, leticare, 
letigare, etc., and litigare, etc.; legnaggio and lignaggio 9 . Two 
other exceptions have no I-forms; se, from si, and vendemmia. 
In the last case the analogy of vendere and a tendency to vowel- 
assimilation might have had influence. Pestellino (illiterate), 
for pistillino, English pistil—unless it is a Vulgar Latin form 
4. In the last three cases, there was probably no stage *birgan- 
tino, *ghirbello, *tirnitil, the passage being direct from brigantino to 
bergantino and similarly in gherbe’llo and ternita. 
5. This is M. -L.’s suggestion, although he assumes a different 
etymology, see M. -L., Ital. Gram., §128. For the etymon, see Zac- 
caria, pp. 397-8. 
6. Through a form fenire, -cf. Old French fenir. See Grandgent, 
Introd. to Y. L., §229 (4). Pieri, AG XII 114, mentions for Lucca 
fonire (and fenire; funire at Pisa), promaio, and ciovile. 
7. For -il- to -ol-, cf. the development of sufolare, §2 (e). 
8. Cisoie is the commoner form today and the dictionary of Tomm. 
e Bell, states that it is also a peasant form as well as cisello. M. -L. 
considers cesello vowel-assimilation (Ital. Gram., §135), but Grober 
(ALL I 546) demands a form in I for cisoie and a form in E (from 
AE) for cesoie. It is possible that both forms are from CAE-, 
whence cisoie for Florence, and cesoie, dialectic (see §37), although 
French ciseaux points to i. 
9. M.-L. (Ital. Gram., §123) says that legnaggio is not Tuscan; 
an analogy of legno seems possible. Pucci uses linaggio in his Centi- 
loquio. For se, cf. Grandgent, Introd. to V. L., §229 (4). 
