Schlatter—The Development of the Vowel . 
1081 
in pi—is perhaps merely a popular etymology from pestare,— 
that is, pestellino (“pestle”), so pestellino, because of its shape, 
for pistil. 
(d) Apheresis. —The following are aphetic forms: vaccio, 
from vivaciu- 10 ; verno, yernare, vernino, etc., from hibernu-, 
etc. * 11 ; ritto, rizzare, from directu-, etc.; Sidero (13th and 14th 
centuries), for Isidoro 12 . 
(e) Other Cases. —Epenthesis occur in filinguello, filun- 
guello (flinguello and fringuello are also found), from frin- 
gillu-, with change of suffix; and syncope in dritto, drizzare 
(from directu-, etc.), and gridare (from *quirltare). The ex¬ 
tra syllable of avaccio, for vaccio, was apparently caused by a 
lingering memory of the original lost syllable (see §2 (d)) and 
a was chosen to replace it, either through analogy of words be¬ 
ginning av- or through analogy of adverbial expressions made 
with the preposition a 13 . Vlrone, for airone, aghirone, ghir- 
one (from OH Germ, heigir) seems to be a plain derivative of 
virare 14 , =girare. Many converging forces are found in the 
development of sibilare, sibillare, sufilare, sufolare, zufulare, 
zufolare, ciufolare, subillare, sobbillare, etc.,—analogy of suf- 
flare, confusion with the prefix sub-, even without analogy to 
sufilare, the tendency of a vowel, especially I, to become O be¬ 
fore L (cf. nobole, angiolo, scandolo, etc. 15 ), whence, by as¬ 
similation, partial or complete, 0 or XT in the initial syllable 10 . 
Viburnu- gives viburno (learned), riburno 17 , and vavorna 18 . 
The common obsolete (?) use of fornire for finire is merely a 
10. This apheresis is purely arbitrary, like Maso, for Tommaso, et 
sim. 
11. The process was: lo iverno> lo’verno, cf. OI> O, § 85. 
12. Igoggi, mod. peasant word, is apparently from hic-hodie; if so, 
goggi (Montalese') is an aphetic form of the same,—see Salvioni, 
ZRPh XXII 472. 
13. In this latter case, however, one would expect avvaccio, with 
two v’s. 
14. Cf. English veer. 
15. See M.-L., Ital. Gram., §119. 
16. For these words see Ascoli, Miscellanea Caix-Canello 427 (pre¬ 
viously printed in AG X 1-17), Biicheler. Rhein. Mus. XLII 584 
Canello, AG III 382, Flechia, AG III 154. 
17. From vivurno, by dissimilation of v-v and confusion with the 
Italian prefix ri-. 
18. Explanation? Cf. French viorne. See Grober, ALL. VI 142. 
