1082 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts , and Letters. 
confusion of the meanings and forms of the two words. The 
following forms are dialectic: melitare (Livorno and Pistoia; 
for militare: mecello (Arezzo, “capezzolo della mammella”), 
according to Caix 19 , from a form *miccello, “quasi piccola 
miccia o lucignolo”, from myxa, y,v£a; chinche (and chin- 
chesia, “chiunque,” in Guittone, et al., and living in Aretine), 
where the unaccented I became accented by the contraction. 20 
E £ 1 AE OE Y (short) 
3. Classic Latin E E1 AE OEi Y (short) > Vulgar Latin E 
(closed or closing) > Italian I, Except Before R, in which 
Case the Development was to E.—This was the result in 
Florence 1 , and although the I-development is difficult to prove 
in all cases, because of the insufficiency of uncontaminated doc¬ 
uments, yet practically all the exceptions which show E are at¬ 
tributable in the modern language to learned influence and in 
the old language to the influence of Latin or of dialects, of 
which some very close to Florence gave E or I and others regu¬ 
larly E (see §37). It has seemed expedient to treat this com¬ 
plicated part of the subject as follows: The Prefix RE-, 
§§4-10; The Prefix DE-, §§11-15; The Prefix EX- and 
Words of Similar Form §§16-18; Other Words, §§19-20; 
Before R, §§21-24; Latin Bis, §25 ; Other Exceptions, §§26— 
36; Dialects, §37. 
4. The Prefix RE-.—The regular result was RI- before 
consonants and R—the E being elided—before vowels. 
5. Examples of the development of RE- before consonants: 
ribattere, riconoscere, ridurre, rifatto, rigettare, rilevare, ri- 
manere, rinunziare, ripiegare, risapere, ritoccare, rivolgere, 
etc., etc. 
19. Studi, No. 410. 
20. Cf. the debelopment of IU-I, §85. Fieri, AG XII 145 gives 
ragato (at Pisa), for rigato, -a case of vowel assimilation. The other 
cases mentioned by Fieri (ansegna, anvoglia) are results of the ag¬ 
glutination of the A of the fern, article, -see §32. For ancisa, men¬ 
tioned in this connection by Pieri, see §72. 
§3. Note i. For the dialects, see §37. 
