Schlatter—The Development of the Vowel. 
1085 
There are no cases of modern words except before a and i: rad- 
doppiare, radunare, rammentare, rammaricarsi, rannuvolare, 
rassegna, rincrescere, ringraziare 1 . In the older language we 
find also cases like repilogare (for riepilogare), risaminare 
(for riesaminare), rempiere (for riempire) : cf. also riscire 
(Lucca, for riuscire). 
8. Exceptions to §7: 
(a) In modern Italian: reagire, reintegrare, reiterare, and 
a few others,—all literary words. There are no forms in re-o 
■or re-u. 
(b) In Old Italian: realdire (Bembo, for riudire), reedifi- 
care (Gr. Viliam), reinvitare (Castiglione), and a few others, 
—none in re-o or re-u. These are mostly literary, partly per¬ 
haps dialetic. 
9. The cases of modern words beginning with ri-vowel are 
very numerous: riamare, rianimare, riarmare, riedificare, ri- 
entrare, riornare, riunire, etc. These are all new compounds 
with the Italian prefix ri-. 
10. A special development of the prefix RE occurs in Arez¬ 
zo, Siena, and elsewhere. Apparently by a kind of vocal¬ 
ization of the R, there developed ar- and ara-,—for example re- 
placere> repiacere> r’piacere> arpiacere or arapiacere. So 
we find arpiacere, arcacciare, aravere (for riavere), archiedere, 
argire (~“ritornare,” for rigire), arescire (for riuscire), aren- 
trare (for rientare), arcoverare, arcomperare, arcomensare (for 
ricominciare), arvolere, arversare, artrovare, artogliere, arsa- 
gliare (for risalire), arquisizione, arprendere, amunziare, ar- 
minare (for rimenare), armettere, armagnenza (for rimanen- 
za), armanere, arliquia (for reliquia), aramortire (for 
ammortire, for ammorzare), arenunziare, aribellare, ar- 
venuto (=“divenuto”, for rivenuto). Arnione (cf. Erench 
§7. Note 1. Examples of words in the modern language with the pre¬ 
fix from RE-AD are legion. In many cases they are more or less mod¬ 
ern compounds. It is to be noted, too, that the prefix has in many 
cases lost its force and to express repetition a form in ri- is likely to 
be used. Compare radunare, “piu generico che adunare”, rasciugare, 
"rinforza asciugare”, rabballinare — “abballinare”, rammannare, 
"‘rinforza ammannare”, racquattarsi, literary for “acquattarsi”, rac- 
cozzare, = “accozzare”, raccostare, = "accostare o riaccostare,” racco- 
sciare, literary for “accosciarsi”, raccontare, raccomandare, raccoglier*, 
etc., etc. Cf. in French rassembler, ramasser, rencontrer, etc. 
