1088 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
15. Exceptions t© §14: dealbare, deambulare, deargentare,. 
dearticolato, deaurare (cf. dorare), deiscere, deonestare, deo- 
struente,—al] literary and all obsolete except the last, a medi¬ 
cal term. 
16. The Prefix Ex-, E-, Words Beginning with S-im- 
ptjea, Es-, Is-, et sim. Tbe prefix E- before any conson¬ 
ant except S gives only E-, never I-, for tbe season that all 
sncb words are literary: editore, educare, egestione (“liter¬ 
ary” 1 ), egregio, egresso (“pedantic word for uscita”), elon- 
gare (—“dilungare”), elucidare, emanare (“not popular”) 
emettere (“not popular”) emigrare, eminente (“not popular”), 
enorme, enunciare (“literary”), erigere, erizzare (“obsolete 
for rizzare”), erogare (“not popular”), erompere (“literary”), 
enutrire (“=nutrire”), evaginare (=“sguainare” ), evanire 
(=“svanire”), evaporare (“more com. svaporare”), evellere 
(“svellere”), evento (“not popular”), evidente, eviscerare 
(—“svi seer are”), evitare (“usually scansare, schivare”), evi- 
zione (“a legal term”), evocare (“not popular”), evoluzione 
(“not popular”) evomente (—“'vomitante”), etc. 
17. In connection with an S, however, tbe case is different. 
S-impura in Vulgar Latin acquired a prosthetic I (or E), 
whence IS- (or ES-) ; and EX-, or E- before S-, produced IS- 
(or ES-) ; furthermore, words commencing with ES-, IS-, 
AES-, OES-, HES-, et similia, all produced IS- (or ES-), and 
by confusion of the meaning and form of DIS- (misunderstood 
for di-s- (DE-EX-), BIS-, we have an immense group of words, 
which in Vulgar Latin began with IS- (or ES-) and which in 
Italian eventually began with s-consonant, by loss of the initial 
I- (or E-). This S, therefore, is of various sources, sometimes 
a resultant of several forces 1 . In all these cases the old lan¬ 
guage had usually s- (occasionally is-, and dialectic or literary 
§16. Note 1. The remarks are Petrocchi’s. 
§17. Note 1. Cf. strattare, bistrattare, = “maltrattare” but the 
source of the s- of strattare, is DIS-, BIS-, EX-, melted into Italian S-. 
So this Italian prefix has several meanings: negative (sballare, = 
“contrario d’ imballare”), intensive or pejorative (sbeffa, = “rinforza 
beffa”), sometimes both (sbarrare, 1. = “impedire (con sbarra)”, 2. 
= “spalaneare (gli occhi)”; sbandire, 1. = “rinforza bandire”, 2. 
=“contrario di bandire”), etc. See M.-L., Italienische Gram., §144. 
