Schlatter — The Development of the Vowel . 1091 
disturb are, ginestra, ginocchio, il, the preposition in, in- in 
compounds (inciampicare, indietro, insieme, intanto, etc,), mi, 
misura, nipote, prigione, si, ti, etc. 
20. Exceptions: 
(a) Words influenced by allied forms, in which the accent 
is on the first syllable. Such exceptions are exceedingly nu¬ 
merous, especially in verbs and in words with any of the many 
Italian suffixes,—for example, pedaggio, pedagna, pedagnola, 
pedale, pedaleggiare, pedaliera, pedana, pedata, pedina, pe- 
dona, etc., etc., influenced by piede,—and piedaccio, etc., where 
even the diphthong intrudes itself into the initial syllable. This 
kind of analogy is rarely counteracted by the regular develop¬ 
ment, although there are quite a number of cases where the 
regular form appears in the old language sporadically or dia- 
lectally (cf. under (c.) ). In the doublet gittare and gettare 
(<*jectare), both the regular and the analogical forms have 
survived 1 . Learned influence may also have had some bear¬ 
ing in several cases: 
bellezza, bellimbusto, etc (bello) 2 : benandare, benedire, 
benche etc. (bene) •; dendare (benda) ; beone, bevanda, bevao- 
qua, beveraggio (bevere, bere) ; ciechezza, etc. (cieco) ; creare 
(creo, etc.: eri’are in Dante, Cavalcanti, Petrarca, Pucci, et al. 
and living among the peasants); diecina (dieci; but cf. dici- 
annove); dentale, etc. (dente); destare (desto, etc.) ; deschetto 
annove) ; dentale, etc. (dente) ; destare (desto, etc.) ; deschetto 
(desco) ; destrezza (destro) ; dettare (detto, etc.) ; densita 
(dense) ; empire (empio, empiere, etc.) ; entrare, etc. (entro, 
etc.) ; embriciata (embrice) ; fremente (fremere) ; fedele, etc. 
(fede) ; freschezza (fresco); fienile; fievolezza; fregare; fre- 
nare; gentile (gente, or compare note 7 to this §) ; gesticolare 
(gesto) ; legame (lego, etc., learned; cf. li'ama in Dante da 
Maiano, lianza in M. Villani) ; melappio (mela) ; melassa 
(mele, miele; see D’Ovidio, Korn. XXV 302); mentecatto 
§20. Note 1. Here, too, however, the analogical form has about 
driven out the regular, and Petrocchi brands gittare as literary,—that 
is, the word has followed the example of most similar words by as¬ 
suming the analogical form entirely and gittare is assuming a smack 
of the antique and literary. 
2. Cf. the regular form bilt^ in the old language. 
