1096 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
nella, gherone, 1 meraviglia ( <*mirabilia, Classic mirabilia), 
mercoledi, merenda, meriggio, merluzzo, 2 the preposition per, 
derivatives of PEE- in composition (never>pir-; percuotere, 
perdonare, etc.), pericolo (and periglio), pernice, pertugio, 
sereno, smeriglio, 3 terebentina, terrore, vergogna, vermiglio, 
verricello, verrocchio (cf. French verrou), verruca, veruno, 
bertoldo (German Berthold), ferraiolo. 
(b) learned words: eresia, eroe, gerarchia, geroglifico, mere- 
trice, merore, persona, sermone, verdetto, verecondo, veronica, 
etc., etc. 
(c) Words possibly influenced by allied forms: bergolare 
(bergolo; <verbulare 4 ), cherical© (cherico), erpicare (erpice), 
germoglio (germe), mercante, mercato (rnerce), merletto 
(merlo), terreno (terra), verace (vero), verdura (verde), 
verita (vero), etc. 
23. EXCEPTIONS.—The exceptions which show I be¬ 
fore E may, like the examples, be divided into three groups. 
For convenience, they will be treated in the following order: 
(a) literary words, (b) words influenced by allied or similar 
words, (c) other exceptions. 
(a) Literary words: bireme, birostrato (<bi-(-rostrum), cir- 
casse (<I or I? from the French), circolare et sim. (besides 
analogy of circolo, circa), circondare, et sim., derivatives of 
CIEOUM- in composition (besides analogy of circa), firmare 
(besides analogy of firmo, etc.), sirventese (from Provencal; 
■serventese, also, in the old language), tiranno, etc., virtu (see 
*, 2 ). 
(b) Words influenced by allied or similar words: birbone, 
birbante, etc. (analogy of birba), words with the Italian 
prefix di- (sdirenarsi, '‘slombarsi,” diradare, etc.), words 
with the prefix in- (assimilated to the following consonant, 
irritare, etc., but all rather literary,) words with the Italian 
§22. Note 1. An adaptation of OHG. gero: cf. Old French giron, 
earlier geron. The French form giron and Italian girone seem to be 
under the influence of gyrare. 
2. Probably <merula, not maris-lucius; see Joret, Rom. IX, 121. 
3. Cf. M.-L., Gram. d. I/. R., I, p. 30: ‘Titalien smeriglio s’appuie sur 
la forme moderne usit£e si. Naxos de l’ancien duvpis, 6pepi." 
4. See Fieri, In the Ascoli Miscellanea, p. 426. 
