1108 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
tin a, from terebentina, by t’rebentina (B to M, by influence of 
the other nasals and tremare). An erratic syncope occurs in 
salamanna, = “sorta d’uva”, said to be named from Ser Ala- 
manno Salviati, who first introduced it from Spain,—the form 
seralamamanna is also found. Sciatto is from, exaptu- and 
not a syncope or contraction of sciadatto; the latter is a Si¬ 
enese form from exadaptu-. Syncope due to frequent pro¬ 
clitic use is found in common in Romance from senior and 
seniorem: scior, sior, sor, ser (the last French?); this same 
word seems to form the first syllable of sorgozzone, sergozzone, 
“colpo nella gola”,-cf. sercattivo, sercocolla, serfaccenda, ser- 
fedocco 2 . Bisogna is illiterately syncopated to bigna and thence 
to migna (by harmony to the nasal) 3 . 
34. Epentttesis. —Birichino, cf. briccone; birincello (and 
a variant birindello), for brincello; Ghirigoro, from Grigorio, 
from Gregorio 1 ; pitocco, from ?rrw^os. 
35. Iisr- Becoming IT M and On-. —'These cases are appar¬ 
ently of two sorts; (1) unfino (peasant), for infino, unnutile 
(in the Montagna pistoiese), for inutile; unsomibra (Valdi- 
chiana), for insomnia; untanto; onfiare (peasant), for enfiare; 
(2) oncenso (13th-14th centuries), for incenso; onchiostro; 
onferno. The first are dialectic; the second seem to be agglu¬ 
tination with the O of the article,- lo incenso, lo’ncenso, Ton- 
censoy—cf. §85 1 . 
36. Fobeign Wobbs. —Debutto, debuttare, from French de¬ 
but; deragliare, from derailler; deserre, from dessert; berso 
(“capanno; piccolo riparo cli frasche o di paglia nelle tese 
dove si nasconde Tuccellatore”; berceau) ; dettaglio, from de¬ 
tail; deboscia, from debauche; etichetta; gendarme (giandar- 
me, illit.) ; equipaggio; messidoro, the republican month; esi- 
rnare (in the Dittamondo: Old French esmer, <aestimare) ; 
mon signore, monsiii (“per mon fe” and “monsire” in the Ta- 
2. Korting says that ser-, sorgozzone derives from super. 
3. D’Ovidio, ZRPh VIII 105, states that bigna possibly arose from 
forms like bignava, bignerct, bignerebbe. 
§34. Note 1. Cf. also Calx, Studi, pp. 183-185. 
§35. Note 1. On these forms, see M.-L., Gram. d. R. R., I, §375. 
What about sondado at Pisa (Pieri, AG XII 144) and elsewhere for 
zendado? See also Parodi, in Rom. XVIII 599. 
