1124 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters. 
dottore (dotto, literary), fondua (fondere), forchetta (forca), 
giocare (giuoco, etc.), giovare (giovo), giovenca (literary), 
monastero (literary?), morale (literary), orsacehio (orso), 
potere (puo, posso, etc.), provare (provo, etc.), robusto (liter¬ 
ary), rompeva, etc. (rompere), soffocare (soffoco), sorella 
(suora), volentieri, vorro, etc. (voglio, vuole, etc.), etc. 
60 . Perversions: (a) Exceptions due to analogous or al¬ 
lied forms: buttare (butto, etc.), fungaccio (fungo), fuocato 
(fuoeo), fuoruscito (fuori), lungaggine (lungo). (b) Ex¬ 
ceptions due to other causes: cuculo, euccu, cucuzza, appar¬ 
ently owing to a tendency to harmony of syllables, superbo 
probably literary, budello, analogy of budino or perhaps it is 
not Florentine, cuccagna, perhaps too recent to suffer the devel¬ 
opment, urlare, perhaps because of a vowel change in Latin,— 
French hurler would point to urlare <ululare. 
61 . Examples of Development to U: 
(a) Before Accented I bugia (“candela”), bulsina 1 , cuci- 
na, cucire, cugino, dumila (but possibly analogy of due; do- 
mila is obsolete), fruire (literary?), fucile, fucina (if from *fo- 
cina), fuggire, pulcino, pulire, pulviscolo (semi-literary), pu- 
signo (busigno, busignare, from *postceniu-), ruggire, supino 
(literary ?), uiccidere, ufffzio, uliva, uscire (from exire crossed 
with ostium) 2 , rubizzo. 
Perversions: bottiglia and bottino (analogy of botte), col- 
lina (colie), comignolo and comincio (analogy of compounds 
of CUM-; no Italian words begin with cum-), coprire (copro, 
coprono, coprano, etc.), cosi and cost! (analogy of compounds 
of ECCU-, colui, costa, cola, etc.), covile (analogy of covo; 
Petrocehi says: “covo, lo stesso e piu comune che covile”), lom- 
brico (a popular word?), motive (moto, muovere, etc.), po- 
lire (a modern peasant form for regular pulire), pollino 
(polio), polvischio (polvere), possibile (literary, besides analogy 
of posso, etc.), rovina (? cf. ruina), sorridere, sogghigno, sos- 
§61. Note 1 . And bulsino, in Crescenzi, from pulsus “poco sano del 
polmoni”; cf. mod. bolsaggine, from bolso. Cugino is probably not 
originally Italian. 
2. Or perhaps ustium. For ustium, see M.-L.» in Grober’s Grundrlss 
1 2 468; Studi Medievali I 613; F. Schramm, Sprachliches zur Lex Sa- 
lica, 25. 
