1130 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
the same word, with assimilation to the a 4 *; saldo, etc., from 
solidu-, seem to have arisen in forms of the verb wher© the 
first syllable was unaccented,—said are, saldavano, etc. 5 
67. Vowel Dissimilation. —The dissimilation takes place 
between the same vowels and sometimes between similar vow¬ 
els, O and U: serocchia and sirocchia, from sororcula 1 ; velumo 
and vilume, for volume; vilucchio and viluppo; bifonchiare 
(and sbufonchiare), for bofonchiare 2 ; ligostra (and aligusta 
and arigusta), from locusta; inorare, for onorare,—the prefix 
in- probably assisted in this change; bifolco, for bofolco, from 
bubulcu- 3 4 ; Ridolfo (Dante, Purg. VII 94,—Scarabelli men¬ 
tions four forms: Ro-, Ru-, Ra-, and Ri-); tigurio (14th cen¬ 
tury), for tugurio; timulto (14th century), for tumulto; ri- 
more (Fr. da Barberino and a modern peasant form), for ro- 
more, rumore. A curious change, apparently of a dissimila- 
tive nature, took place in the following (it is noticeable that 
several of these cases commence with initial ca-) : canoscere 
(Pier delle Vigne, Guitt., et al., but living in the Montagna 
pist.), for conoscere; canocchia, for conocchia, from colucula, 
from colus; calostra (at Pistoia), for obsolete colostra, “the 
first milk after calving”; ramanziere, etc. (Passavanti, Ta- 
vola Ritonda); cavelle (in the old writers), for covelle (from 
? quod vellis), both obsolete. Change from O to A before R, 
possibly also dissimilative, took place in arlogio, for orologio, 
argoglianza, argoglio, etc. for orgoglio, etc., tartaruga, evi¬ 
dently a reduplication (cf. Sienese tartuca) 4 . 
4. In this case, uguannoto (see note 3) apparently produced a form 
aguannotto, whence avannotto, as avale from aguale for eguale. Caix 
mentions the Emilian form anguanin, “vitello d’un anno”,—cf. Eng¬ 
lish “yearling”. See Caix, Studi, No. 4. 
5. Cravatta is not an assimilated form of crovatta; the etymon Is 
double: Croate, Cravate. For other cases of assimilation, some more 
doubtful, see Caix Studi, pp. 178-185. In an old text from Pisa-Lucca, 
there is peverta. and Actaviano,—see Barbi, in the Raccolta D’Ancona. 
§67. Note 1. This weakening is old,—see Grandgent, Introd. to V. L. 
§229 (6). 
2. Bufo, in Virgil,—these all seem to contain the same root which is 
preserved in English puff. 
3. See M.-Li., Ital. Gram.,' §11. 
4. Derivatives of tortus—see Grober, ALL VI 128. Aricalco is also 
found for oricalco, where dissimilation cannot be alleged; the change 
here seems due either to the R or to assimilation of the vowels of the 
two syllables bearing the primary and secondary accents. 
