Schlatter—The Development of the Vowel . 1133 
crollare <*corrotulare. More or les3 arbitrary contraction 
took place in Dante, from Durante; sustrissimo (illiterate, or 
ironical, or jocular), for “illustrissimo”; Gianni, for Gio¬ 
vanni ; and cutrettola, from coda (cauda) -trepida 4 . 
72. 0>AU.—This is a development peculiar to the south 
and is not Tuscan; it seems to be merely the reverse develop¬ 
ment of AU>0 (see §78): caunoscere, auriente, aunorare, au- 
lente, aulore, audore, auccidere, ausignolo, etc. Eeturning 
north, AIJ seems to have given AL in some cases; this is ap¬ 
parently a learned pronunciation: alcidere (whence ancidere, 
as arcipresso (see § 28), then alcipresso, then ancipresso 1 .) 
73. Foreign- Words. —Belluardo, by analogy of bello, and 
baluardo, by vowel assimilation (from French boulevard, from 
German bollwerk) ; estudiantina (Spanish) ; damerino, dami- 
gella, etc., (French); mufti, muesino, muezzino (Arabic); 
burocrazia (French); durlindana (French) ; luterano (Martin 
Luther) ; buffe (French) ; blusetta (French) ; rosbilfe and ris- 
biffe (the latter illiterate and peasant,—from English) ; toe- 
letta, toelette, toilette, toletta, tuelette (French); burgravio; 
burgensatico; burro (French,—the Italian word was butirro) ; 
brulotto, brulottiere (French brulot); dozzina (French) ; bol- 
dro, buldro, buldroghe, etc. (English) ; buristo (a peasant and 
Sienese term, according to Caix, Studi FTjo. 239, from Ger¬ 
man wurst; buzzurro (“svizzero che vien in Italia d’invemo a 
vender bruciate, polenda, eoc.”, a recent word from German 
putzer?); bustorho “gli eruditi alemanni”, from Buxstorf, the 
name of three of them; forgone, “moving-van”, frugone, 
“truck”, furgone, “tender (French fourgon) ; foriere, furiere 
(French founder) ; orangutan, urango, orangutano, etc. (a 
modern borrowing from Malay orang houtan) ; etc. 
74. Miscellaneous Cases. —For ginepro, from Latin ju- 
niperu-, see M. -L., Ital. Gram., §130,—this seems to be merely 
a secondary reduction of giu- to gi-,—see §85. Classic Latin 
4. Other forms are cuccutrettola, cutretta, scuccutrettola, scutretto- 
lare: on this dubious word, see Flechia, AG II 325, remark 2. 
§72. Note 1. See Caix, Studi, No. 1. F. G. Fumi, in the Miscellanea 
Caix-Canello, pp. 95-99, concerning Q> AU, AO, and A, considers them 
all to be a confusion of the various dialect forms. 
