1134 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
coagulum and its derivatives have produced coagularsi (liter¬ 
ary), quaglio (regular), and caglio (from forms with atonic 
initial syllable, like cagliare). 1 
75. Dialects 1 . —Pieri states in reference to the O-U devel¬ 
opment in Tuscany today: “ . Quanto a questo fe- 
nomeno, il dialetto toscano che oggi vi mostra una piu spiccata 
inclinazione e senza dubbio 1’aretino; di poco minore, il fioren- 
tino e il pisano; meno di tutti v’ inclina il lucchese”. 2 A con¬ 
sultation of numerous documents does not throw a great deal 
of light on the subject 3 . The cases in which Florence has U 
have already been detailed (§§61, 62). The old language does 
not seem to differ from the modern, except in less fixity of 
forms, due to influences (Latin, dialect), which have now in a 
large degree lost their force. Prato shows the same results 
as Florence. In Group 2 of the Tuscan dialects, Pistoia to¬ 
day has, according to Petrocchi, furitano, muscino (for Flor¬ 
entine moscerino), rumicciare (and romiociare in the Mon¬ 
tagna) ; in the thirteenth century 4 we find cusi and quite regu¬ 
larly u (from ubi); otherwise nothing remarkable. In Lucca: 
thirteenth century document 5 : u (from ubi) ; in a document of 
1268 6 : u (from ubi), Currado (invariably, seven times) ; in a 
document of 13 3 0-13 84 7 : ugnomo (for ogni nomo), pucella 
(from puellicella), muglieri, but occidro, etc. (beside u-), ro* 
§74. Note 1. Peculiar cases, in which the vowel of the initial syllable 
is not disturbed are the following, (a) prothesis of a consonant in 
lusanza, for usanza; lunicorno, for unicorno; lusuraio (modern illit¬ 
erate and peasant), for usuraio; limicare (at Arezzo, "pioviscolare”) 
and lamicare (at Pistoia, by some analogy?), according to Caix, 
Studi, no. 42 from *humicare; (b) shifts of various kinds in: nuledi 
(peasant), for lunedi; fornire, from frumjan (cf. French fournir; 
Pieri, AG XII, 156, give's the Pisan form frumiare); tromento, for 
tormento; drottina, for dottrina; Orlando, for Rolando; grolioso, gro- 
liare (and grolia; in the old language and modern illiterate and peas¬ 
ant), for glorioso, etc. 
§75. Note 1. This § is based on the arrangement and documents of 
§37, which should be consulted. 
2. See AG XII, 115, note 2. 
3. The writer has consulted a great many without being able to draw 
very satisfactory conclusions. Some of them are mentioned in §37„ 
which see. 
4. Monaci, pp. 160-161, 194-195,—very little here. 
5. Monaci, pp. 193-4. 
6. Monaci, 327-328. 
7. Bongi, Prop. 2a ser., Ill, parte la, pp. 75-134. 
