1136 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
worthy. 18 The Valdichiana, according to the few examples 
given by Petroochi, shows U decidedly: spruvisto (for sprov- 
visto), vultelere (for voltolare), vulintieri, urivuolo (for ori- 
olo, orologio), but sprodente (for *sprudente, for imprudente). 
AU 
76. Classical Latin AU has a double development.— 1 . Al¬ 
ready in Vulgar Latin, AU, if followed by an accented U in 
the next syllable, became A 1 ; 2. in other cases, AU produced 
U in Florence and hence in the Italian language. 
77. Examples: 
(a) Of development to A: ascolta, from auscultat, whence 
spreading to the other forms of the verb, wherein the form 
was not AIT-tJ, ascoltare; agosto (Sant’ Agostino, agustale) ; 
agurio, (agura, aiirio, sciagura, sciaura, etc.) ; 
(b) Of development to U: uccello (<aucellu- <au(i)cellus), 
udire, fiutare '(<*flautare <flau(i)tare), lusinga (Provengal 
lauzenga), bugiare and bugia (<bausjan), rubare (raub-), 
usbergo (Provencal ausberc), lubbione (laubja-one), fulena 
(modern illiterate, <faullena< fau(i)llena), ustarda 
(au(i)starda < avis-tarda., -see §44 (a) , and note 2 to same), 
possibly uccidere (<aucidere 1 , Classic occidere). 
78. Exceptions. —These are mostly all learned, in which 
case AU is found, and partly dialectal, where AU or O is found 
according to the dialect (see §84): augurare, auspicate, 
(es)audire, auscultazione (and oscultare, same meaning,—the 
latter apparently borrowed like the former from French, but 
with the French pronunciation of AU), augusto, audace, audi- 
tore, gaudente, autentico (but regularly utentico in the Tavola 
Pitonda), aumentare (the common word is crescere), laudare 
(the common word is lodare, -O by the influence of the forms 
accented on the first syllable, lode, loda, etc.), autunno, auripi- 
mento, pauperello (in the Boezio), naufragio, naumachia, 
18. See $37, note 30. 
§76. Note 1. See Grandgent, Introd. to V. Latin, §228. 
§77. Note 1. Op. cit... §212: “Umbrian and Faliscan had o in place of 
Latin au: . . . So, in general, the dialects of northern and cen¬ 
tral Italy ...” 
