Allen—-Spermatogenesis and Apogamy in Ferns. 
3 
enclosing cytoplasm of the large central mass. The result is 
a long spiral cell consisting of a thin spiral sac of protoplasm 
containing the deeply staining thread in the anterior end, the 
elongated nucleus in the central coils and plasma in the posterior 
coil. 
Belajeff follows this account by several short papers in 1897 
(12, 13, 14). He had not yet found centrosomes in the 
divisions preceding the formation of the antherozoid, but in 
the young antherozoid mother cell of a fern (genus not men¬ 
tioned) he saw a rounded deep-staining body in the plasma 
and was able to trace it in its elongation into a spiral band 
lying along the convex side of the nuclear spiral. In Equise- 
tum, he ^established the origin of the cilia from this thread. 
During the same year (1897) Hirase and Ikeno (53 and 
54) reported their notable discovery of motile male cells in 
Gymnosperms. The antherozoid is top-shaped and a spiral 
band on the conical surface of the cell bears numerous short 
cilia throughout its length. 
Later in the same year (1897) Webber (92, 93) reported the 
discovery of similar antherozoids in Zamia. In the generative 
cell, before the last division, two centrosome-like bodies sur¬ 
rounded by very pronounced asters are found in the cytoplasm 
on opposite sides of the nucleus. During the ensuing division, 
the asters about these bodies disappear, and they break up into 
fragments which later unite to form a band which at the end 
of the division moves out to the cell surface and there grows into 
a spiral band of several successively narrower coils, j ust beneath 
the plasma membrane. Erom this band, the cilia arise as deli¬ 
cate projections even before it reaches the surface of the cell. 
Webber concludes (94, 95) that this cilium producing body is 
not homologous with the centrosome and he proposes to call it 
a “blepharoplast.” 
In 1898, Ikeno (55, 56) describes further the development 
of the antherozoids in Cycas. The chief difference between 
his account and that of Webber for Zamia is that in Cycas the 
cilia-bearing band while young is attached to a beak on the 
nucleus. Ikeno considers the term “blepharoplast” unneces¬ 
sary and believes the body in question to be a centrosome. 
