4 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
Belajeff (15) in the light of these discoveries in the Gym no- 
sperms, finds two rounded bodies in the cytoplasm on opposite 
sides of each nucleus before the last division in the antheridial 
sac in Gymnogramme. After the division, he finds one of these 
granules in each cell. He did not succeed in finding them dur¬ 
ing the division and so cannot consider it proved that they are 
centrosomes. 
Shaw (83) in 1898, working on the antheridial sacs of 
Marsilia , finds at the end of the third from the last division a 
tiny granule on the polar side of each daughter nucleus. This 
granule which he calls the “blepharoplastoid” grows during the 
resting stage of the cell and divides during the prophase of the 
next division. The resulting pair of granules migrate in the 
cytoplasm to the equatorial plane and there disintegrate. At 
the same time, there forms near each pole another granule, the 
true blepharoplast. This persists through the resting stage and 
divides just before the last nuclear division. The two granules 
so formed migrate to opposite ends of the cell and stay near the 
poles during the last division. After this division, the ble¬ 
pharoplast grows, fragments, and then stretches out into a band 
along the surface of the nucleus. The band and nucleus migrate 
to the surface of the cell so that the band lies close to the 
plasma membrane. Here nucleus and blepharoplast elongate 
together into a spiral within the still rounded cell. The nu¬ 
cleus forms three or four coils and the blepharoplast extends 
beyond it at both ends. 
In the same year, 1898, Belajeff (17, 18) working also on 
the antheridia of Marsilia finds centrosomes present in all stages 
of nuclear division and concludes that we should assume that 
centrosomes exist in every cell but are not always stainable. 
Thom (89) working on the formation of the antherozoids of 
Adiantum and Aspidium claims that the nucleus moves to one 
side of the cell, leaving a nucleole behind which stays there 
while the nucleus elongates to form one coil. At this stage 
the nucleole becomes attached to the anterior end of the coil 
where later the cilia are inserted. 
Webber (96, 97) still working on Zamia finds that the 
blepharoplasts originate in the cytoplasm of the generative cell 
