Owen—Relatione Expressed by the Passive Voice. 121 
Dealing rather now with form and structure of my thought 
than with its substance and constituent elements, I lay no 
stress on choice of prepositional phrase or preposition—e. g. 
a (ab or abs) von, durcli, vtto etc.,—electing for convenience 
“by.” Accordingly “The knife became fragmentary by Henry.” 
In this expression knife and fragmentary status (posed as 
quality or attribute of knife) appear in a developing or forma¬ 
tive relation (that of object to its quality)-—not in a relation 
already established-—these relations being readily distinguish¬ 
able as the one dynamic, and the other static. That is, lin¬ 
guistic cerebration in the present case is true to Hegel 7 s doctrine, 
humorously summarized as follows: “Nothing is, and noth¬ 
ing’s not, but everything’s becoming.” 
Figurative thinking then—in this case almost the personify¬ 
ing of a knife, conceived as passing (from relation with its 
prior wholeness) to relation with its (later) brokenness—has 
merely slighted the departure-point, in its preoccupation with 
the passage and arrival-point, (Conf. p. 38.) 
To exhibit clearly passive evolution from a figurative ac¬ 
quisition (or development or passage-and-arriva!) I need to 
use what commonly is known as the past and passive participle, 
in its earlier exclusive value—that is, only past, by no means 
passive—in the sense in which we find it in the German “Hein¬ 
rich ist gekommen,” also even in the corresponding English 
“Henry is come,” in each of which the final word might be 
defined as meaning “in a state of having come,” or simply 
“here.” 
Using somewhat so the participial “broken” in the sense *f 
“fragmentary,” I will substitute it in my illustration. Accord- 
ingly, “The knife became broken (fragmentary) by (through) 
Henry”—in the actual German, “Das Messer wurde (von) 
durch Heinrich gebrochen.” 
Reasoning analogous to that applied to figurative self-inflic¬ 
tion, would presumably establish that, in the meaning of the 
German sentence, an original relation, sensed between the knife 
and fragmentariness, gave way to a relation sensed between 
the knife and the act of breaking (which produced the frag- 
