264 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
transportation. Chicago began to gain npon St. Louis, and 
though the latter labored for the building of a trans-Mississippi 
system of her own, 1 she found little in it to replace her former 
dominion among the cities of the West. By 1858 the system 
of the Northwest was substantially complete. The panic came 
in 1857 to wreck the hopes of many, but the tracks were down. 
Few railways, that were not done before the crash, were finished 
in the next five years. As it stood upon the opening of the 
civil war, the railway system was the outcome of the ten sea¬ 
sons from 1848 to 1857. 
For the first time in history, a great modern war was fought 
i Million, J. W., State Aid to Railways in Missouri, (Chicago, The 
Univ. of Chicago Press, 1896). 
