408 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
For the Minnesota River Basin he lists two hundred and 
sixty-four marsh and swamp inhabiting plants but does not 
specify in this list the “swamp moor” element. Of this list one 
hundred and forty-five are monooots with seventeen grasses and 
forty-six species of Carex. From the available literature Mac¬ 
Millan shows that these swamp plants are mostly northern and 
eastern in their distribution and that they constitute twenty- 
two and one-half per cent of all the species of the Minnesota 
Valley. He does not, however, give any data as to the relative 
abundance of these classes of plants. 
Pound and Clements (12) (1900) in their map of the so- 
called “Prairie Province” show that the eastern line of blend¬ 
ing of this with the “Forest Province” passes diagonally across 
Wisconsin in the region of the greatest development of marsh 
meadows as shown on Chamberlin’s map of the vegetation of 
Wisconsin. In ^Nebraska they distinguish a “wet meadow for¬ 
mation intermediate between marshes and meadows proper,” 
and subdivide it into three types, as follows: (1) The rush 
meadow type, (2) The fern meadow type, and (3) the sedge 
meadow type. The latter is composed largely of Carex stricta, 
Carex striata and Carex lanuginosa. According to their ob¬ 
servations accessory species are almost lacking. Extensive 
marsh meadows of this type exist in Nebraska only along the 
main streams near the Missouri River. A characteristic 
swamp meadow formation is described by Beck (13) (1901) as 
present in the Upper Balkan peninsula. The “Sumpfwiesen” 
as he calls it, is composed largely of sedges and reaches its best 
development in the broad lower valleys. He lists one hundred 
and twenty-two species of plants characteristic of such meadows. 
Of these forty-five are monocots, fourteen are grasses, and nine¬ 
teen are sedges of which twelve are Carex species. In his list 
are such species as the following: Phragmites communis. Mo - 
Unia coerulea, Poa palustris, Scirpus lacustris, Carex vulpina, 
and Carex riparia. Statistics as to relative abundance are 
lacking hence it is difficult to compare this type with our wild 
hay meadows. 
G-anong (15) (1903) finds among the fresh water marshes 
