420 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
This table again emphasizes the great preponderance of the 
sedges and grasses and the relatively small numbers of dicots 
present. 
Plant Associations 
The general character of the vegetation being now established 
the question of the natural grouping can well be considered. 
Por this purpose we may return to a study of table two. 
The numerical abundance of each species is there given for 
each association. But in considering the fluctuations in abun¬ 
dance it must be remembered that the associations are not of 
equal area. The data in the columii for each association show 
what species are present and what the numerical proportions 
are. Por study in connection with this table curves have been 
plotted showing the abundance and frequence of the principal 
species. Por these the totals have been tahen every fifty feet, 
instead of for the entire association as in table 2, hence the dis¬ 
tribution is more exactly shown. On each fifty foot segment 
seventy-five quadrats were counted as previously explained and 
since in determining frequency the presence of a species in a 
quadrat is considered as a unit, the highest frequency possible 
for a fifty foot segment is seventy-five. 
What may be called a Lycopus Caricetum occupies about five 
hundred feet of the south end of the transect. This is a border 
zone and is rather dry compared with the more central region. 
It slopes almost imperceptibly toward the center of the marsh. 
The soil borings taken showed there is more or less of the trans¬ 
ported upland soil intermingled with the layer of humus and 
peat which in turn, is underlaid by sand, gravel, and clay. 
This border association is relatively rich in different 'species 
as shown in column one of table 2. Car ex stricta and Calama- 
grostis canadensis lead in frequency and in numbers here as for 
most of the transect. Although clearly dominant for much of 
this association neither reaches its maximum development here. 
Car ex stricta constitutes forty-two per cent by count and seven¬ 
ty-six by weight of the total vegetation and averages about 
eighteen inches in height. Calamagrostis canadensis eonsti- 
